Bessel beams (BBs) have gained prominence thanks to their diffraction-free propagation and self-healing properties. These beams are conventionally generated using different approaches, namely by transforming a narrow circular beam with a lens, using axicons or holographic beam-shaping techniques. These methods involve space-consuming optics. To overcome this limitation, in the past, efforts have been made to create BBs directly from optical fibers. However, these solutions have limited capability to generate BBs with on-demand optical parameters and only focused on creating zeroth-order BBs. Here, we propose a photonic structure that uses stacked miniaturized optical elements 3D printed in a single step on the fiber facet. Our design allows for the generation of both zeroth- and high-order BBs and fully controllable tailoring of the beams’ parameters, such as their diffraction-free propagation distance or the width of their central peak or node. Remarkably, we report for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the generation of high-order BBs from optical fibers. We expect our approach to be useful in applications such as optical and quantum communications, fiber-based sensors, microscopy, spectroscopy, and optical trapping.

中文翻译：

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3D 打印的基于光纤的零阶和高阶贝塞尔光束发生器

贝塞尔光束 (BB) 因其无衍射传播和自愈特性而备受瞩目。这些光束通常使用不同的方法生成，即通过使用透镜变换窄圆形光束、使用轴棱镜或全息光束整形技术。这些方法涉及占用空间的光学器件。为了克服这一限制，在过去，人们一直在努力直接从光纤制造 BB。然而，这些解决方案在生成具有按需光学参数的 BB 的能力有限，并且只专注于创建零阶 BB。在这里，我们提出了一种光子结构，该结构使用堆叠的微型光学元件 3D 打印在光纤端面的单个步骤中。我们的设计允许生成零阶和高阶 BB，并完全可控地调整光束参数，例如它们的无衍射传播距离或其中心峰或节点的宽度。值得注意的是，据我们所知，我们首次报告了从光纤产生高阶 BB。我们希望我们的方法可用于光学和量子通信、基于光纤的传感器、显微镜、光谱学和光学捕获等应用。