Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) reside in the bulge region of the outer root sheath of the hair follicle. They are considered slow-cycling cells that are endowed with multilineage differentiation potential and superior proliferative capacity. The normal morphology and periodic growth of HFSCs play a significant role in normal skin functions, wound repair and skin regeneration. The HFSCs involved in these pathophysiological processes are regulated by a series of cell signal transduction pathways, such as lymphoid enhancer factor/T-cell factor, Wnt/β-catenin, transforming growth factor-β/bone morphogenetic protein, Notch and Hedgehog. The mechanisms of the interactions among these signaling pathways and their regulatory effects on HFSCs have been previously studied, but many mechanisms are still unclear. This article reviews the regulation of hair follicles, HFSCs and related signaling pathways, with the aims of summarizing previous research results, revealing the regulatory mechanisms of HFSC proliferation and differentiation and providing important references and new ideas for treating clinical diseases.

中文翻译：

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毛囊干细胞信号通路的调控。

毛囊干细胞 (HFSC) 位于毛囊外根鞘的凸起区域。它们被认为是慢循环细胞，具有多向分化潜能和卓越的增殖能力。HFSCs的正常形态和周期性生长在正常皮肤功能、伤口修复和皮肤再生中起重要作用。参与这些病理生理过程的HFSCs受一系列细胞信号转导通路的调控，如淋巴增强因子/T细胞因子、Wnt/β-catenin、转化生长因子-β/骨形态发生蛋白、Notch和Hedgehog。这些信号通路之间的相互作用机制及其对 HFSCs 的调节作用之前已经进行了研究，但许多机制仍不清楚。