The biodiversity of marine and coastal habitats is experiencing unprecedented change. While there are well-known drivers of these changes, such as overexploitation, climate change and pollution, there are also relatively unknown emerging issues that are poorly understood or recognized that have potentially positive or negative impacts on marine and coastal ecosystems. In this inaugural Marine and Coastal Horizon Scan, we brought together 30 scientists, policymakers and practitioners with transdisciplinary expertise in marine and coastal systems to identify new issues that are likely to have a significant impact on the functioning and conservation of marine and coastal biodiversity over the next 5–10 years. Based on a modified Delphi voting process, the final 15 issues presented were distilled from a list of 75 submitted by participants at the start of the process. These issues are grouped into three categories: ecosystem impacts, for example the impact of wildfires and the effect of poleward migration on equatorial biodiversity; resource exploitation, including an increase in the trade of fish swim bladders and increased exploitation of marine collagens; and new technologies, such as soft robotics and new biodegradable products. Our early identification of these issues and their potential impacts on marine and coastal biodiversity will support scientists, conservationists, resource managers and policymakers to address the challenges facing marine ecosystems.

海洋和沿海栖息地的生物多样性正在经历前所未有的变化。虽然这些变化有众所周知的驱动因素，例如过度开发、气候变化和污染，但也有一些相对不为人知的新出现的问题，这些问题对海洋和沿海生态系统有潜在的积极或消极影响，这些问题了解或认识不足。在这次首届海洋和沿海地平线扫描中，我们汇集了 30 位在海洋和沿海系统方面具有跨学科专业知识的科学家、决策者和从业者，以确定可能对整个海洋和沿​​海生物多样性的功能和保护产生重大影响的新问题未来 5-10 年。基于修改后的 Delphi 投票过程，最后提出的 15 个问题是从参与者在流程开始时提交的 75 个问题清单中提炼出来的。这些问题分为三类：生态系统影响，例如野火的影响和向极地迁移对赤道生物多样性的影响；资源开发，包括增加鱼鳔贸易和增加海洋胶原蛋白的开发；和新技术，例如软机器人和新的可生物降解产品。我们及早发现这些问题及其对海洋和沿海生物多样性的潜在影响，将支持科学家、环保主义者、资源管理者和决策者应对海洋生态系统面临的挑战。例如野火的影响和向极地迁移对赤道生物多样性的影响；资源开发，包括增加鱼鳔贸易和增加海洋胶原蛋白的开发；和新技术，例如软机器人和新的可生物降解产品。我们及早发现这些问题及其对海洋和沿海生物多样性的潜在影响，将支持科学家、环保主义者、资源管理者和决策者应对海洋生态系统面临的挑战。例如野火的影响和向极地迁移对赤道生物多样性的影响；资源开发，包括增加鱼鳔贸易和增加海洋胶原蛋白的开发；和新技术，例如软机器人和新的可生物降解产品。我们及早发现这些问题及其对海洋和沿海生物多样性的潜在影响，将支持科学家、环保主义者、资源管理者和决策者应对海洋生态系统面临的挑战。