Quantifying and comparing patterns of dynamical ecological systems requires averaging over measurable quantities. For example, to infer variation in movement and behavior, metrics such as step length and velocity are averaged over large ensembles. Yet, in nonergodic systems, such averaging is inconsistent; thus, identifying ergodicity breaking is essential in ecology. Using rich, high-resolution, movement data sets (greater than $7\times {10}^7$ localizations) from 70 individuals and continuous-time random walk modeling, we find subdiffusive behavior and ergodicity breaking in the localized movement of three species of avian predators. Small-scale, within-patch movement was found to be qualitatively different, not inferrable and separated from large-scale interpatch movement. Local search is characterized by long, power-law-distributed waiting times with a diverging mean, giving rise to ergodicity breaking in the form of considerable variability uniquely observed at this scale. This implies that wild animal movement is scale specific, with no typical waiting time at the local scale.

中文翻译：

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鸟类捕食者区域限制搜索中的遍历性突破

量化和比较动态生态系统的模式需要对可测量的数量进行平均。例如，为了推断运动和行为的变化，步长和速度等指标在大型集合上进行平均。然而，在非遍历系统中，这种平均是不一致的。因此，识别遍历性断裂在生态学中是必不可少的。使用丰富的高分辨率运动数据集（大于$7\times {10}^7$本地化）从 70 个个体和连续时间随机游走模型中，我们发现了三种鸟类捕食者的局部运动中的次扩散行为和遍历性中断。发现小规模的斑块内运动在性质上是不同的，不可推断并且与大规模的斑块间运动分开。局部搜索的特点是长的、幂律分布的等待时间，具有发散的平均值，导致遍历性中断，以在这个尺度上独特地观察到的相当大的可变性的形式出现。这意味着野生动物的运动是规模特定的，在当地没有典型的等待时间。