Pollution is a major concern of the modern era as it affects all the principal aspects of the environment, especially the hydrosphere. Pollution with heavy metals has unequivocally threatened aquatic bodies and organisms as these metals are persistent, non-biodegradable, and toxic. Heavy metals tend to accumulate in the environment and eventually in humans, which makes their efficient removal a topic of paramount importance. Treatment of metal-contaminated water can be done both via chemical and biological methods. Where remediation through conventional methods is expensive and generates a large amount of sludge, biological methods are favoured over older and prevalent chemical purification processes because they are cheaper and environment friendly. The present review attempts to summarise effective methods for the remediation of water contaminated with heavy metals. We concluded that in biological techniques, bio-sorption is among the most employed and successful mechanisms because of its high efficacy and eco-friendly nature.

污染是现代的一个主要问题，因为它影响环境的所有主要方面，尤其是水圈。重金属污染已明确威胁到水生生物和生物体，因为这些金属具有持久性、不可生物降解性和毒性。重金属倾向于在环境中积累，最终在人类中积累，这使得它们的有效去除成为最重要的话题。金属污染水的处理可以通过化学和生物方法进行。在通过传统方法修复成本高且产生大量污泥的情况下，生物方法比旧的和流行的化学净化方法更受青睐，因为它们更便宜且对环境友好。本综述试图总结修复受重金属污染的水的有效方法。我们得出结论，在生物技术中，生物吸附是最常用和最成功的机制之一，因为它具有高效和环保的特性。