Holographic Multiple Input Multiple Output (HMIMO), which integrates massive antenna elements into a compact space to achieve a spatially continuous aperture, plays an important role in future wireless networks. With numerous antenna elements, it is hard to implement the HMIMO via phased arrays due to unacceptable power consumption. To address this issue, reconfigurable refractive surface (RRS) is an energy efficient enabler of HMIMO since the surface is free of expensive phase shifters. Unlike traditional metasurfaces working as passive relays, the RRS is used as transmit antennas, where the far-field approximation does not hold anymore, urging a new performance analysis framework. In this letter, we first derive the data rate of an RRS-based single-user downlink system, and then compare its power consumption with the phased array. Simulation results verify our analysis and show that the RRS is an energy-efficient way to HMIMO.

中文翻译：

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可重构折射表面：全息 MIMO 的节能方法

全息多输入多输出（HMIMO）将大量天线元件集成到一个紧凑的空间中以实现空间连续孔径，在未来的无线网络中发挥着重要作用。由于天线元件众多，由于不可接受的功耗，很难通过相控阵实现 HMIMO。为了解决这个问题，可重构折射表面 (RRS) 是 HMIMO 的节能推动者，因为该表面没有昂贵的移相器。与用作无源中继的传统超表面不同，RRS 被用作发射天线，远场近似不再适用，从而催生了新的性能分析框架。在这封信中，我们首先推导了基于 RRS 的单用户下行链路系统的数据速率，然后将其功耗与相控阵进行了比较。