Although several studies have identified a distinct gut microbial composition in Parkinson’s disease (PD), few studies have investigated the oral microbiome or functional alteration of the microbiome in PD. We aimed to investigate the connection between the oral and gut microbiome and the functional changes in the PD-specific gut microbiome using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. The taxonomic composition of the oral and gut microbiome was significantly different between PD patients and healthy controls (P = 0.003 and 0.001, respectively). Oral Lactobacillus was more abundant in PD patients and was associated with opportunistic pathogens in the gut (FDR-adjusted P < 0.038). Functional analysis revealed that microbial gene markers for glutamate and arginine biosynthesis were downregulated, while antimicrobial resistance gene markers were upregulated in PD patients than healthy controls (all P < 0.001). We identified a connection between the oral and gut microbiota in PD, which might lead to functional alteration of the microbiome in PD.

尽管几项研究已经确定了帕金森病 (PD) 中独特的肠道微生物组成，但很少有研究调查 PD 中的口腔微生物组或微生物组的功能改变。我们旨在使用鸟枪法宏基因组测序研究口腔和肠道微生物组与 PD 特异性肠道微生物组功能变化之间的联系。PD 患者和健康对照组的口腔和肠道微生物组的分类组成存在显着差异（分别为P  = 0.003 和 0.001）。PD 患者的口腔乳酸杆菌含量更高，并且与肠道中的机会性病原体相关（FDR-adjusted P < 0.038)。功能分析显示，与健康对照组相比，PD 患者谷氨酸和精氨酸生物合成的微生物基因标志物下调，而抗菌素耐药基因标志物上调（均P  < 0.001）。我们确定了 PD 中口腔和肠道微生物群之间的联系，这可能导致 PD 中微生物组的功能改变。