Nectar is the most common floral resource that mediates plant–pollinator interactions, and its spatiotemporal distribution is related to pollinator attraction and can influence pollinator activity through time. Therefore, assessing patterns of floral phenology of nectar-producing plants can help better understand the pollinator assemblage's temporal dynamics. We used an area of afforested Brazilian Cerrado covered with a high-density plantation of Inga vera, a mass-flowering nectar-producing tree, to investigate whether intra-seasonal and daily variations in nectar availability provided by I. vera flowers affect the bee assemblage. We showed that bee abundance was positively related to intra-seasonal patterns in floral phenology and daily changes in nectar production. Although bee species richness was also associated with intra-seasonal changes in nectar availability, bee diversity (quantified using Simpson's diversity index) did not follow the same pattern. We suggest that the dominance of the invasive honeybee, Apis mellifera, on I. vera flowers may have affected the overall bee diversity over time due to an exacerbated increase in honeybee abundance. Therefore, by evaluating the temporal dynamics of nectar availability, an important floral attribute that influences plant–pollinator interactions, we suggest that planting high-rewarding tree species at high densities in open ecosystems can affect the dynamics of native bee assemblages negatively due to the exacerbated recruitment of the dominant exotic honeybee.

中文翻译：

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花蜜可用性的季节性和每日变化会影响单一造林巴西塞拉多的蜜蜂组合

花蜜是最常见的植物与传粉媒介相互作用的花卉资源，其时空分布与传粉媒介的吸引力有关，并可随时间影响传粉媒介的活动。因此，评估生产花蜜植物的花物候模式有助于更好地了解传粉媒介组合的时间动态。我们在巴西塞拉多的一片绿化区域内种植了Inga vera的高密度种植园，这是一种大量开花的花蜜生产树，以调查I. vera提供的花蜜可用性的季节内和每日变化是否花会影响蜜蜂的聚集。我们发现蜜蜂丰度与花卉物候的季节内模式和花蜜产量的每日变化呈正相关。虽然蜜蜂物种丰富度也与花蜜可用性的季节性变化有关，但蜜蜂多样性（使用辛普森多样性指数量化）并未遵循相同的模式。我们认为入侵蜜蜂Apis mellifera在I. vera上的优势由于蜜蜂数量的增加，花朵可能随着时间的推移影响了蜜蜂的整体多样性。因此，通过评估花蜜可用性的时间动态，这是影响植物 - 传粉媒介相互作用的重要花卉属性，我们建议在开放生态系统中以高密度种植高回报树种可以对本地蜜蜂组合的动态产生负面影响，因为加剧了招募占主导地位的外来蜜蜂。