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Activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway mitigates blood–brain barrier dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease
Brain ( IF 14.5 ) Pub Date : 2022-07-05 , DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac236
Qi Wang 1, 2 , Xiaomin Huang 1 , Yixun Su 1, 2 , Guowei Yin 1 , Shouyu Wang 2 , Bin Yu 2 , Hui Li 1, 2 , Junhua Qi 1 , Hui Chen 3 , Wen Zeng 4 , Kai Zhang 5 , Alexei Verkhratsky 6, 7 , Jianqin Niu 2 , Chenju Yi 1
Affiliation  

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that causes age-dependent neurological and cognitive declines. The treatments for AD pose a significant challenge, because the mechanisms of disease are not being fully understood. Malfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is increasingly recognized as a major contributor to the pathophysiology of AD, especially at the early stages of the disease. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly characterized, while few molecules can directly target and improve BBB function in the context of AD. Here, we showed dysfunctional BBB in AD patients reflected by perivascular accumulation of blood-derived fibrinogen in the hippocampus and cortex, accompanied by decreased tight junction proteins Claudin-5 and glucose transporter Glut-1 in the brain endothelial cells (BECs). In the APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mouse model of AD, BBB dysfunction started at 4 months of age and became severe at 9 months of age. In the cerebral microvessels of APP/PS1 mice and Aβ-treated BECs, we found suppressed Wnt/β-catenin signaling triggered by an increase of GSK3β activation, but not an inhibition of the AKT pathway or switching to the Wnt/planar cell polarity pathway. Furthermore, using our newly developed optogenetic tool for controlled regulation of LRP6 (upstream regulator of the Wnt signaling) to activate Wnt/β-catenin pathway, BBB malfunction was restored by preventing Aβ-induced BEC impairments and promoting the barrier repair. In conclusion, targeting LRP6 in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the brain endothelium can alleviate BBB malfunction induced by Aβ, which may be a potential treatment strategy for AD.

中文翻译:

Wnt/β-连环蛋白通路的激活减轻阿尔茨海默病患者的血脑屏障功能障碍

阿尔茨海默氏病 (AD) 是一种神经退行性疾病,会导致年龄依赖性神经和认知能力下降。AD 的治疗提出了重大挑战,因为尚未完全了解疾病的机制。血脑屏障 (BBB) 功能障碍越来越被认为是 AD 病理生理学的主要原因,尤其是在疾病的早期阶段。然而,潜在机制的特征仍然很差,而很少有分子可以在 AD 的背景下直接靶向和改善 BBB 功能。在这里,我们发现 AD 患者的 BBB 功能失调,这反映在海马体和皮层中血源性纤维蛋白原的血管周围积聚,伴随着脑内皮细胞 (BEC) 中紧密连接蛋白 Claudin-5 和葡萄糖转运蛋白 Glut-1 的减少。在 AD 的 APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) 小鼠模型中,BBB 功能障碍在 4 个月大时开始,并在 9 个月大时变得严重。在 APP/PS1 小鼠和 Aβ 处理的 BEC 的脑微血管中,我们发现抑制的 Wnt/β-连环蛋白信号由 GSK3β 激活的增加触发,但不是抑制 AKT 通路或切换到 Wnt/平面细胞极性通路. 此外,使用我们新开发的光遗传学工具来控制 LRP6(Wnt 信号的上游调节器)激活 Wnt/β-连环蛋白通路,通过防止 Aβ 诱导的 BEC 损伤和促进屏障修复来恢复 BBB 故障。总之,靶向脑内皮Wnt/β-catenin通路中的LRP6可以减轻Aβ诱导的BBB功能障碍,这可能是AD的潜在治疗策略。BBB 功能障碍在 4 个月大时开始,在 9 个月大时变得严重。在 APP/PS1 小鼠和 Aβ 处理的 BEC 的脑微血管中,我们发现抑制的 Wnt/β-连环蛋白信号由 GSK3β 激活的增加触发,但不是抑制 AKT 通路或切换到 Wnt/平面细胞极性通路. 此外,使用我们新开发的光遗传学工具来控制 LRP6(Wnt 信号的上游调节器)激活 Wnt/β-连环蛋白通路,通过防止 Aβ 诱导的 BEC 损伤和促进屏障修复来恢复 BBB 故障。总之,靶向脑内皮Wnt/β-catenin通路中的LRP6可以减轻Aβ诱导的BBB功能障碍,这可能是AD的潜在治疗策略。BBB 功能障碍在 4 个月大时开始,在 9 个月大时变得严重。在 APP/PS1 小鼠和 Aβ 处理的 BEC 的脑微血管中,我们发现抑制的 Wnt/β-连环蛋白信号由 GSK3β 激活的增加触发,但不是抑制 AKT 通路或切换到 Wnt/平面细胞极性通路. 此外,使用我们新开发的光遗传学工具来控制 LRP6(Wnt 信号的上游调节器)激活 Wnt/β-连环蛋白通路,通过防止 Aβ 诱导的 BEC 损伤和促进屏障修复来恢复 BBB 故障。总之,靶向脑内皮Wnt/β-连环蛋白通路中的LRP6可以减轻Aβ诱导的BBB功能障碍,这可能是AD的潜在治疗策略。
更新日期:2022-07-05
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