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Mitigating Valence Intersubband Absorption in Interband Cascade Lasers
Laser & Photonics Reviews ( IF 11.0 ) Pub Date : 2022-07-05 , DOI: 10.1002/lpor.202200156
Hedwig Knötig 1 , Josephine Nauschütz 2 , Nikola Opačak 1 , Sven Höfling 3 , Johannes Koeth 2 , Robert Weih 2 , Benedikt Schwarz 1
Affiliation  

Interband cascade lasers (ICLs), especially valued for their low power consumption, are particularly appealing for portable, compact, and battery-driven trace gas sensors. However, their performance notably degrades outside the 3–4 µm region. Here, a solution to overcome current performance limitations is presented. Simulation results based on the eight-band k· p method employing a generalized momentum matrix element model identify resonant intersubband absorption in the valence band as the causative underlying mechanism. Experimentally, a direct dependence of this resonant absorption on the thickness of the Ga1x$_{1-x}$InxSb hole-quantum well (h-QW) is confirmed. This is reflected in the improvement of the laser's characteristic temperature T0, threshold current density Jth, slope efficiency η, and output power. Extracted waveguide losses from length-dependent measurements substantiate the key role of the valence intersubband absorption. While the performance improvement is experimentally verified at 4.35 µm, the simulation results additionally show how to mitigate undesired absorption at longer wavelengths, paving the way towards high-performance continuous-wave (cw) operation above 6 µm.

中文翻译:

减轻带间级联激光器中的价带间吸收

带间级联激光器 (ICL) 因其低功耗而特别受重视,对于便携式、紧凑型和电池驱动的微量气体传感器特别有吸引力。然而,它们的性能在 3–4 µm 区域之外显着下降。在这里,提出了一种克服当前性能限制的解决方案。基于采用广义动量矩阵元素模型的八波段k · p方法的模拟结果将价带中的共振子带间吸收识别为潜在的致病机制。实验上,这种共振吸收直接依赖于 Ga 的厚度1-X$_{1-x}$x Sb 空穴-量子阱 (h-QW) 中得到证实。这反映在激光器特性温度T 0、阈值电流密度J th、斜率效率η和输出功率的改善上。从与长度相关的测量中提取的波导损耗证实了价子带间吸收的关键作用。虽然性能改进在 4.35 µm 处得到了实验验证,但仿真结果还显示了如何减轻更长波长处的不希望吸收,从而为 6 µm 以上的高性能连续波 (cw) 操作铺平了道路。
更新日期:2022-07-05
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