This review examines global microalgae, seaweeds, and duckweed (MSD) production status and trends. It focuses on cultivation, recognizing the sector's existing and potential contributions and benefits, highlighting a variety of constraints and barriers over the sector's sustainable development. It also discusses lessons learned and ways forward to unlock the sector's full potential. In contrast to conventional agriculture crops, MSD can rapidly generate large amounts of biomass and carbon sequestration yet does not compete for arable land and potable water, ensuring minimal environmental impacts. Moreover, MSD's applications are ubiquitous and reach almost every industrial sector, including ones essential to meeting the increasing needs of human society, such as foods, pharmaceuticals, and chemicals. To this end, the growing public awareness regarding climate change, sustainable food, and animal welfare yields a significant shift in consumer preference and propels the demand for MSD. In addition, once governments usher in durable and stable carbon policies, the markets for MSD are likely to increase severalfold.

中文翻译：

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水生植物的经济学：藻类和浮萍的案例

本综述探讨了全球微藻、海藻和浮萍 (MSD) 的生产状况和趋势。它侧重于种植，认识到该行业现有和潜在的贡献和效益，强调该行业可持续发展的各种限制和障碍。它还讨论了经验教训以及释放该行业全部潜力的前进方法。与传统农作物相比，MSD 可以快速产生大量生物质和碳封存，但不会争夺耕地和饮用水，从而确保对环境的影响最小。此外，MSD 的应用无处不在，几乎覆盖每个工业部门，包括满足人类社会日益增长的需求所必需的部门，例如食品、药品和化学品。为此，公众对气候变化、可持续食品和动物福利的认识不断增强，导致消费者偏好发生重大转变，并推动了对默沙东的需求。此外，一旦政府出台持久稳定的碳政策，默沙东的市场可能会增加数倍。