There is a lack of knowledge of the arthropod communities in both wild hazelnut and cultivated hybrid hazelnut ecosystems in the Midwestern United States. Our goal was to characterize the composition of these arthropod communities in hazelnut plantings. We surveyed six experimental plantings of hazelnuts in Wisconsin and two in Minnesota during growing seasons, from May 2017 to August 2021. We used four methods to survey the arthropod community of these plantings: ad libitum survey of specimen observations and collection, dissection of hazelnut buds and nuts, cone traps placed on the ground, and beat sheet sampling of plants. We registered 116 different morphospecies of five classes and 83 families. Arthropods with known feeding habits were grouped into four guilds: 59 herbivores, 36 carnivores (predators, parasites, and parasitoids), 4 decomposers (detritivores and scavengers), and 4 omnivores. While we registered 12 herbivorous species that could potentially cause damage to hazelnuts, we directly observed nine of them feeding upon or damaging plant parts: Phytoptus avellanae s.l. Nalepa (Eriophyoidea: Phytoptidae), Curculio obtusus Blanchard and Strophosoma melanogrammum Förster (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Popillia japonica Newman (Coleoptera: Scarabeidae), Parthenolecanium sp. (Hemiptera: Coccidae), Euschistus servus euschistoides Say (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Acleris sp., and Choristoneura rosaceana Harris (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). We also registered eight species of parasites or parasitoids that could offer biocontrol services in the cropping system. These findings provide a foundation for future targeted studies on potential pests and beneficial arthropods, as well as ecological interactions within the hybrid hazelnut ecosystem in the Midwest.

中文翻译：

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美国中西部杂交榛子种植中的节肢动物群落

美国中西部野生榛子和栽培的杂交榛子生态系统中的节肢动物群落缺乏知识。我们的目标是描述榛子种植中这些节肢动物群落的组成。从 2017 年 5 月到 2021 年 8 月，我们在威斯康星州和明尼苏达州的生长季节调查了 6 种榛子实验种植，在 2017 年 5 月至 2021 年 8 月期间，我们使用了四种方法来调查这些种植的节肢动物群落：标本观察和收集的随意调查、榛子芽解剖和坚果，放置在地面上的锥形陷阱，以及植物的拍片取样。我们登记了 116 种不同的形态种，分为 5 类和 83 个科。具有已知摄食习惯的节肢动物被分为四个行会：59 种食草动物，36 种食肉动物（捕食者、寄生虫和寄生蜂），4 种分解者（碎屑动物和清道夫）和 4 种杂食动物。虽然我们登记了 12 种可能对榛子造成损害的食草物种，但我们直接观察到其中有 9 种以植物部分为食或损害植物部分：Phytoptus avellanae sl Nalepa（Eriophyoidea：Phytoptidae）、Curculio obtusus Blanchard 和 Strophosoma melanogrammum Förster（鞘翅目：Curculionidae）， Popillia japonica Newman (鞘翅目: Scarabeidae), Parthenolecanium sp. （半翅目：球蚧科）、Euschistus servus euschistoides Say（半翅目：蝾螈科）、蚜虫（半翅目：蚜科）、Acleris sp.，和红斑蝶属（鳞翅目：Tortricidae）。我们还登记了八种可以在种植系统中提供生物防治服务的寄生虫或拟寄生物。