HIV remains incurable due to the persistence of a latent viral reservoir found in HIV-infected cells, primarily resting memory CD4⁺ T cells. Depletion of this reservoir may be the only way to end this deadly epidemic. In latency, the integrated proviral DNA of HIV is transcriptionally silenced partly due to the activity of histone deacetylases (HDACs). One strategy proposed to overcome this challenge is the use of HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) as latency reversal agents to induce viral expression (shock) under the cover of antiretroviral therapy. It is hoped that this will lead to elimination of the reservoir by immunologic and viral cytopathic (kill). However, there are 18 isoforms of HDACs leading to varying selectivity for HDACis. In this study, we review HDACis with emphasis on their selectivity for HIV latency reversal.

中文翻译：

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异构体选择性与非选择性组蛋白脱乙酰酶抑制剂在 HIV 潜伏期逆转中的作用

由于 HIV 感染细胞（主要是静息记忆 CD4 ⁺ T 细胞）中存在持续存在的潜伏病毒库，HIV 仍然无法治愈。耗尽这个水库可能是结束这种致命流行病的唯一方法。在潜伏期，HIV 的整合前病毒 DNA 转录沉默，部分原因是组蛋白脱乙酰酶 (HDAC) 的活性。为克服这一挑战而提出的一项策略是使用 HDAC 抑制剂 (HDACis) 作为潜伏期逆转剂，在抗逆转录病毒治疗的掩护下诱导病毒表达（休克）。希望这将导致通过免疫学和病毒细胞病变（杀死）消除储存库。然而，HDAC 有 18 种亚型，导致 HDAC 的选择性不同。在这项研究中，我们回顾了 HDACis，重点关注它们对 HIV 潜伏期逆转的选择性。