Lupus nephritis (LN) is common in people with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and advances, almost invariably, to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In this issue of the JCI, Abraham, Durkee, et al. presented a large-scale immune cell landscape of kidney biopsies from patients with LN by combining multiplexed confocal microscopy imaging with customized computer vision and quantification. The presence of diverse CD4^– T cells in small neighborhoods, but not of B cells or CD4⁺ T cells in large neighborhoods, is linked to the development of ESRD. Unexpectedly, B cells in the kidney heralded a good prognosis. The precise location of different types of immune cells allows inference on possible interactions between different immune cells and also between immune and kidney-resident cells. The data have important implications on the development of prognostic tools and effective targeted therapies in patients with LN.

中文翻译：

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附近的淋巴细胞：对肾脏好还是坏？

狼疮性肾炎 (LN) 在系统性红斑狼疮 (SLE) 患者中很常见，并且几乎总是会发展为终末期肾病 (ESRD)。在本期JCI中，Abraham、Durkee 等人。通过将多路复用共聚焦显微镜成像与定制的计算机视觉和量化相结合，展示了来自 LN 患者肾活检的大规模免疫细胞景观。小社区中存在多种 CD4 ^– T 细胞，但不存在 B 细胞或 CD4 ⁺大社区中的 T 细胞与 ESRD 的发展有关。出乎意料的是，肾脏中的 B 细胞预示着良好的预后。不同类型免疫细胞的精确位置可以推断不同免疫细胞之间以及免疫细胞和肾脏驻留细胞之间可能的相互作用。这些数据对开发 LN 患者的预后工具和有效的靶向治疗具有重要意义。