Hydrogeodesy, a relatively new field within the earth sciences, is the analysis of the distribution and movement of terrestrial water at Earth's surface using measurements of Earth's shape, orientation, and gravitational field. In this paper, we review the current state of hydrogeodesy with a specific focus on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)/Global Positioning System measurements of hydrologic loading. As water cycles through the hydrosphere, GNSS stations anchored to Earth's crust measure the associated movement of the land surface under the weight of changing hydrologic loads. Recent advances in GNSS-based hydrogeodesy have led to exciting applications of hydrologic loading and subsequent terrestrial water storage (TWS) estimates. We describe how GNSS position time series respond to climatic drivers, can be used to estimate TWS across temporal scales, and can improve drought characterization. We aim to facilitate hydrologists' use of GNSS-observed surface deformation as an emerging tool for investigating and quantifying water resources, propose methods to further strengthen collaborative research and exchange between geodesists and hydrologists, and offer ideas about pressing questions in hydrology that GNSS may help to answer.

中文翻译：

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GNSS/GPS 在水文测量中的综述：水文负荷应用及其对水资源研究的意义

水文大地测量学是地球科学中一个相对较新的领域，它是通过测量地球的形状、方向和重力场来分析地球表面陆地水的分布和运动。在本文中，我们回顾了水文大地测量学的现状，特别关注全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）/全球定位系统的水文负荷测量。当水在水圈中循环时，固定在地壳上的 GNSS 站测量在不断变化的水文负荷的作用下陆地表面的相关运动。基于 GNSS 的水文大地测量学的最新进展带来了水文负荷和随后的陆地水储存 (TWS) 估计的令人兴奋的应用。我们描述了 GNSS 位置时间序列如何响应气候驱动因素，可用于估计跨时间尺度的 TWS，并可改善干旱特征。我们的目标是促进水文学家使用 GNSS 观测到的地表形变作为调查和量化水资源的新兴工具，提出进一步加强大地测量学家和水文学家之间合作研究和交流的方法，并就 GNSS 可能有助于解决的水文学紧迫问题提供想法回答。