Do humans have a hard-wired tendency to respond with positive affects to nature or do individual's meanings and learning experiences moderate the affective responses to natural or urban scenes? We studied the relative contributions of inherited dispositions and individual factors (childhood and current nature exposure, nature connectedness) on immediate affective responses to nature and urban scenes with Affect Misattribution Procedure (AMP). In the AMP, the participants (N = 316) judged the valence of their affective responses to Chinese characters, which were preceded by nature or urban prime images. Individual factors (childhood and current nature exposure, nature connectedness, gender, age) did not predict immediate affective responses to nature, but childhood nature exposure moderated reported affects following urban images. The results suggest that humans may have an inherited hard-wired tendency to respond with positive affects to nature, whereas the affective responses to urban scenes are more influenced by individual factors.

人类是否具有对自然产生积极影响的固有倾向，或者个人的意义和学习经历是否会缓和对自然或城市场景的情感反应？我们通过影响错误归因程序 (AMP) 研究了遗传倾向和个人因素（童年和当前的自然暴露、自然联系）对自然和城市场景的直接情感反应的相对贡献。在 AMP 中，参与者 (N = 316) 判断他们对汉字的情感反应的效价，这些汉字之前是自然或城市的主要意象。个人因素（童年和当前的自然接触、自然联系、性别、年龄）不能预测对自然的直接情感反应，但儿童自然接触会缓和报告的城市形象影响。