This multicenter cohort study investigated the prevalence of musculoskeletal post-COVID pain during the first year after the infection with mosaic plots and an exponential bar plot model and its associated risk factors. Patients hospitalized because of COVID-19 in 5 hospitals of Madrid (Spain) were scheduled for a telephone interview at 2 follow-up periods after hospitalization for collecting data about musculoskeletal post-COVID pain. Hospitalization and clinical data were collected from hospital medical records. From 2000 patients initially recruited, 1593 (44.6% women, age: 61 +/- 15 years) were assessed at T0 (hospital admission), T1 (mean: 8.0 +/- 1.5 months after discharge), and T2 (mean: 13.2 +/- 1.5 months after discharge). The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain (myalgia) was 30.3% (n = 483) at T0, increased to 43.4% (n = 692) at T1, and decreased to 37.8% (n = 603) at T2. The trajectory curve revealed a decreasing prevalence trend of musculoskeletal post-COVID pain the following years after hospitalization. According to the presence of pre-existing pain symptoms, the prevalence of new-onset post-COVID pain was 75.9%. Female sex (odds ratio [OR] 1.593, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.148-2.211), history of musculoskeletal pain (OR 1.591, 95% CI 1.211-2.07), the presence of myalgia (OR 1.371, 95% CI 1.032-1.821) or headache (OR 2.278, 95% CI 1.622-3.199) at hospitalization, the days of hospitalization (OR 1.013, 95% CI 1.000-1.025), and the presence of post-COVID pain at T1 (OR 11.02, 95% CI 8.493-14.305) were factors associated with musculoskeletal post-COVID pain 1 year after hospitalization. In conclusion, musculoskeletal post-COVID pain remains highly prevalent 1 year after hospitalization. Female sex, previous history of pain symptoms, pain symptoms at onset, and days at hospital were factors associated with musculoskeletal post-COVID pain 1 year after hospitalization.

中文翻译：

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探索 COVID-19 住院幸存者长期肌肉骨骼 COVID 后疼痛症状的轨迹曲线：一项多中心研究。

这项多中心队列研究使用马赛克图和指数条形图模型及其相关风险因素调查感染后第一年肌肉骨骼疼痛的患病率。在马德里（西班牙）的 5 家医院因 COVID-19 而住院的患者被安排在住院后的 2 个随访期进行电话采访，以收集有关肌肉骨骼 COVID 后疼痛的数据。住院和临床数据是从医院病历中收集的。从最初招募的 2000 名患者中，1593 名（44.6% 为女性，年龄：61 +/- 15 岁）在 T0（入院）、T1（平均：出院后 8.0 +/- 1.5 个月）和 T2（平均：13.2出院后 +/- 1.5 个月）。肌肉骨骼疼痛（肌痛）的患病率在 T0 时为 30.3% (n = 483)，在 T1 时增加到 43.4% (n = 692)，并在 T2 时降至 37.8% (n = 603)。轨迹曲线显示，在住院后的接下来几年中，肌肉骨骼 COVID 后疼痛的患病率呈下降趋势。根据先前存在的疼痛症状的存在，COVID 后新发疼痛的患病率为 75.9%。女性（优势比 [OR] 1.593，95% 置信区间 [CI] 1.148-2.211），肌肉骨骼疼痛史（OR 1.591，95% CI 1.211-2.07），存在肌痛（OR 1.371，95% CI 1.032 -1.821) 或头痛 (OR 2.278, 95% CI 1.622-3.199)、住院天数 (OR 1.013, 95% CI 1.000-1.025) 以及 T1 时出现 COVID 后疼痛 (OR 11.02, 95 % CI 8.493-14.305) 是与住院 1 年后 COVID 后肌肉骨骼疼痛相关的因素。综上所述，肌肉骨骼 COVID 后疼痛在住院 1 年后仍然非常普遍。女性、既往疼痛症状史、发作时的疼痛症状和住院天数是与住院 1 年后 COVID 后肌肉骨骼疼痛相关的因素。