Background

Adolescence is a developmental period characterised by rapid physical and psychological changes that heighten the risk for inadequate sleep. Fortunately, physical activity programs (PAPs) are an easy-to-do intervention that has been associated with improved sleep outcomes in different population groups. This systematic review aimed to provide evidence to support the effects of PAPs on sleep outcomes among apparently healthy adolescents.

Methods

A systematic literature search was performed in online databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, and PEDro for all dates up to April 2022. All relevant clinical trials reporting on the effects of PAPs on sleep among adolescents were included using a pre-defined inclusion/exclusion criterion (PROSPERO: CRD42020171852). The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using ‘specific checklists per design’ (RCTs) provided by the Dutch Cochrane Centre. Qualitative synthesis was used to report the results of the review.

Results

Two RCTs were included and analysed in the review. Both studies were of good methodological quality but lacked blinding. The PAPs in the reviewed studies included mainly aerobic exercises in the form of cross-country running in the mornings, SMS-delivered motivational messages to increase daily step counts, and use of a pedometer and step diaries. Sleep was measured both subjectively by means of sleep questionnaires and objectively using sleep electroencephalographic recordings. Nevertheless, qualitative synthesis is suggestive of an overall positive effect of PAPs on some sleep outcomes in adolescents, albeit with limited to moderate evidence.

Conclusion

PAPs appear to have a beneficial effect on some sleep outcomes among apparently healthy adolescents. Nevertheless, the body of evidence is currently scanty, thus warranting the need for more high-quality RCTs.

中文翻译：

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身体活动计划在改善青少年睡眠结果方面的有效性：系统评价

背景

青春期是一个发育时期，其特点是身体和心理的快速变化，这会增加睡眠不足的风险。幸运的是，身体活动计划 (PAP) 是一种易于实施的干预措施，它与改善不同人群的睡眠结果有关。本系统评价旨在提供证据支持 PAP 对表面健康的青少年睡眠结果的影响。

方法

在 PubMed、Cochrane Library 和 PEDro 的在线数据库中对截至 2022 年 4 月的所有日期进行了系统的文献检索。使用预定义的纳入/排除标准纳入了所有报告 PAP 对青少年睡眠影响的相关临床试验（PROSPERO：CRD42020171852）。使用荷兰 Cochrane 中心提供的“每个设计的特定检查表”(RCT) 评估纳入研究的方法学质量。定性综合用于报告审查结果。

结果

审查中包括并分析了两项随机对照试验。这两项研究都具有良好的方法学质量，但没有采用盲法。审查研究中的 PAP 主要包括早晨越野跑形式的有氧运动、发送短信以增加每日步数的激励信息，以及使用计步器和步数日记。睡眠通过睡眠问卷进行主观测量，并使用睡眠脑电图记录进行客观测量。尽管如此，定性综合表明 PAP 对青少年的某些睡眠结果具有总体积极影响，尽管证据有限或适度。

结论

PAP 似乎对看似健康的青少年的某些睡眠结果具有有益影响。然而，目前证据不足，因此需要更多高质量的随机对照试验。