Vegetative windbreaks and wind barriers are the two most important types of wind fences for controlling soil erosion by wind and are often used in combination. However, optimal configurations of wind fences have rarely been investigated, especially wind fences combining vegetative windbreaks and wind barriers. This study systematically explored the optimal configuration of the combined wind fence based on morphological observation data of wild Artemisa arenaria, Salix psammophila, and artificially planted Caragana korshinskii using three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology. Furthermore, the airflow fields around wind fences were simulated using the shear stress transport$\left(SST\right)k-\omega$ Reynolds Average Navier Stokes (RANS) turbulence model in OpenFOAM. The effectiveness of different wind fences was compared in terms of the multiple barrier effectiveness index “mBEI” and a proposed index, downwind speed percentage “DSP”. The main findings are as follows: (1) The combined wind fence showed much higher shelter efficiency than either pure wind barriers or pure wild vegetative windbreaks. The shelter efficiency of the artificially planted Caragana windbreak was higher than that of naturally growing vegetative windbreaks irrespective of double-row or triple-row planting, and even exceeded that of the combined wind fence at higher wind speeds. (2) Regarding symbiotic wind fences with high-low shrubs, wind fences with a row of artificially planted shrubs showed higher shelter efficiency than those with pure wild shrubs. The shelter efficiency of wind fences was mainly determined by the morphological traits of plants and wind barriers. The results of this study can provide direct reference for practical sand control engineering.

植被防风林和防风屏障是控制风蚀土壤最重要的两种防风栅栏，经常结合使用。然而，很少有人研究风栅的最佳配置，特别是结合植物防风林和风障的风栅。本研究利用三维计算流体动力学（CFD）技术，基于野生蒿、沙柳和人工种植锦鲤的形态观测数据，系统探索组合风栅的优化配置。此外，使用剪切应力传递模拟了风栅周围的气流场$\left(\mathrm{小号}\mathrm{小号}吨\right)ķ-\omega$OpenFOAM 中的雷诺平均纳维斯托克斯 (RANS) 湍流模型。根据多重屏障有效性指数“ mBEI ”和建议的指标，顺风速度百分比“DSP”，比较了不同防风栅栏的有效性。主要研究结果如下：（1）组合式防风栅栏的遮蔽效率远高于纯防风屏障或纯野生植物防风林。人工种植锦鸡儿的遮蔽效率无论双排还是三排种植，防风林均高于自然生长的营养防风林，在较高风速下甚至超过组合防风栅。(2)高低灌木共生防风栅栏，人工种植一排灌木的防风栅栏比纯野生灌木的防风栅栏具有更高的遮蔽效率。防风栅栏的遮蔽效率主要由植物的形态特征和防风屏障决定。本研究成果可为实际防砂工程提供直接参考。