The placenta is an organ that is discarded after childbirth. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from various parts of the placenta (PMSCs) are established as a rich, allogeneic, and sustainable source of MSCs in comparison to bone marrow MSCs (BM-MSCs). PMSCs can be banked postnatally for future autologous and allogeneic applications in the treatment of diseases. PMSCs can be categorized as an intermediary between BM-MSCs and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) as it is devoid of adverse aspects associated with the employment of ESCs accompanied with primitive and enhanced properties in comparison to BM-MSCs. PMSCs are employed in the treatment of various diseases including cancer, neurological, bone, and cardiovascular disorders. This utility of PMSCs is due to its superior inherent characteristics in comparison to BM-MSCs, which renders PMSCs more attractive for clinical translation. Herein, this review describes the superior inherent characteristics of PMSCS in contrast to BM-MSCs including accessibility, higher expansion abilities, enhanced immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive properties, ability to differentiate beyond mesodermal lineages, pathotropic and regenerative abilities, lower immunogenicity, and anti-cancer strategy that are correlated to its therapeutic application in the treatment of various diseases including corona virus infection started in 2019 in recent preclinical and preclinical studies.

中文翻译：

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用于治疗疾病的胎盘来源间充质干细胞：临床相关来源

胎盘是分娩后丢弃的器官。最近，与骨髓 MSCs (BM-MSCs) 相比，从胎盘不同部位 (PMSCs) 分离的间充质干细胞 (MSCs) 被确立为丰富、同种异体和可持续的 MSCs 来源。PMSCs 可以在出生后储存，用于未来在疾病治疗中的自体和同种异体应用。PMSCs 可以归类为 BM-MSCs 和胚胎干细胞 (ESCs) 之间的中间体，因为与 BM-MSCs 相比，它没有与使用 ESCs 相关的不利方面，同时具有原始和增强的特性。PMSCs 用于治疗各种疾病，包括癌症、神经系统、骨骼和心血管疾病。PMSCs 的这种效用是由于其与 BM-MSCs 相比具有优越的固有特性，这使得 PMSCs 对临床翻译更具吸引力。在此，这篇综述描述了 PMSCS 与 BM-MSCs 相比的优越固有特性，包括可接近性、更高的扩展能力、增强的免疫调节和免疫抑制特性、超越中胚层谱系的分化能力、病理和再生能力、较低的免疫原性和抗癌策略这与其在最近的临床前和临床前研究中于 2019 年开始的治疗包括冠状病毒感染在内的各种疾病的治疗应用相关。