Clay is a widespread natural mineral. The review considers physical and chemical properties of clay minerals which are important in terms of geological high-level radioactive waste disposal (HLRW). The articles under consideration present that the properties of clay as a barrier material for the isolation of radionuclides are influenced by temperature, density (external pressure), ionic strength and pH of the solution, and the presence of cations of stable elements. These conditions are studied by both experimental and calculation methods. However, there are not enough research results in the publications for conditions close to those of HLRW geological disposal. The research status worldwide is introduced in detail, and at the end of the article, the future directions of the research on radionuclide diffusion in HLRW disposal are discussed.

粘土是一种分布广泛的天然矿物。审查考虑了粘土矿物的物理和化学性质，这在地质高放废物处理 (HLRW) 方面很重要。正在考虑的文章表明，粘土作为隔离放射性核素的屏障材料的性质受温度、密度（外部压力）、离子强度和溶液的 pH 值以及稳定元素的阳离子的存在的影响。通过实验和计算方法研究这些条件。然而，对于接近HLRW地质处置的条件，出版物中没有足够的研究成果。详细介绍了世界范围内的研究现状，并在文末讨论了放射性核素扩散在HLRW处置中的未来研究方向。