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System nutrient dynamics in orchards: a research roadmap for nutrient management in apple and kiwifruit. A review
Agronomy for Sustainable Development ( IF 7.3 ) Pub Date : 2022-06-29 , DOI: 10.1007/s13593-022-00798-0
Roberta M. Gentile, Helen L. Boldingh, Rebecca E. Campbell, Megan Gee, Nick Gould, Peter Lo, Sam McNally, Kye Chung Park, Annette C. Richardson, Lloyd D. Stringer, Jessica Vereijssen, Monika Walter

As agricultural intensification affects global environmental change, a redesign of our food production systems towards practices that replace external inputs with inbuilt ecosystem services is needed. Specifically, human-induced changes to biogeochemical flows of nitrogen (N) cycling exceed the proposed planetary boundaries, highlighting a priority area for reducing nutrient inputs in agricultural production systems. A new understanding of nutrient interactions in the complete agroecosystem will allow us to better predict and mitigate the consequences of anthropogenic environmental changes compared with a reductionist approach. Here, we review for the first time system-level nutrient interactions, particularly N, in perennial horticulture using high-producing kiwifruit and apple crops grown in New Zealand as a basis to identify critical knowledge gaps and prioritize new research. The major points identified are (1) current nutrient guidelines are from the 1980s to the early 2000s and do not take into account substantial production changes since that time; (2) few studies construct complete nutrient budgets of all sources and losses; (3) nutrient loss estimates are generally low relative to those from other agricultural land uses; (4) there is a lack of studies which address nutrient interactions between above- and below-ground food webs in perennial horticultural crops; (5) there is contradictory literature where fertilizer has been found both to increase and to decrease plant chemical signaling and defense mechanisms. New tools are emerging to improve orchard nutrient management, including advances in fertilizer application techniques, new methods to monitor plant and soil nutrients, and utilizing genetic variability to breed cultivars with improved nutrient use efficiency. To reduce adverse nutrient effects on the environment, new research is needed, addressing the relationships between carbon and nutrients and nutrient demands in modern fruit cultivars and growing systems; the nutrient balance for perennial horticultural crops considering all inputs and outputs; and interactions of the above- and below-ground nutrient flows in orchard food webs.



中文翻译:

果园系统养分动态:苹果和猕猴桃养分管理的研究路线图。回顾

随着农业集约化影响全球环境变化,我们需要重新设计我们的粮食生产系统,以采用内置生态系统服务取代外部投入的做法。具体来说,人为引起的氮 (N) 循环生物地球化学流的变化超出了拟议的行星边界,突出了减少农业生产系统中养分投入的优先领域。与还原论方法相比,对整个农业生态系统中养分相互作用的新认识将使我们能够更好地预测和减轻人为环境变化的后果。在这里,我们首次回顾了系统级的营养相互作用,特别是 N,在多年生园艺中,使用新西兰种植的高产猕猴桃和苹果作物作为确定关键知识差距并优先考虑新研究的基础。确定的要点是(1)当前的营养指南是从 1980 年代到 2000 年代初,没有考虑到自那时以来的重大生产变化;(2) 很少有研究构建所有来源和损失的完整养分预算;(3) 养分损失估计值通常低于其他农业用地用途的估计值;(4) 缺乏关于多年生园艺作物地上和地下食物网之间营养相互作用的研究;(5) 有相互矛盾的文献发现肥料既可以增加也可以减少植物化学信号传导和防御机制。正在出现改善果园养分管理的新工具,包括施肥技术的进步、监测植物和土壤养分的新方法,以及利用遗传变异性培育具有更高养分利用效率的品种。为了减少养分对环境的不利影响,需要开展新的研究,解决现代水果品种和种植系统中碳与养分和养分需求之间的关系;考虑所有投入和产出的多年生园艺作物的营养平衡;果园食物网中地上和地下养分流动的相互作用。并利用遗传变异性培育具有更高养分利用效率的品种。为了减少养分对环境的不利影响,需要开展新的研究,解决现代水果品种和种植系统中碳与养分和养分需求之间的关系;考虑所有投入和产出的多年生园艺作物的营养平衡;果园食物网中地上和地下养分流动的相互作用。并利用遗传变异性培育具有更高养分利用效率的品种。为了减少养分对环境的不利影响,需要开展新的研究,解决现代水果品种和种植系统中碳与养分和养分需求之间的关系;考虑所有投入和产出的多年生园艺作物的营养平衡;果园食物网中地上和地下养分流动的相互作用。

更新日期:2022-06-29
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