Abstract

Citrus fruits have been consumed by world’s population for several centuries. Since it’s an edible source possesses various uses in treating many diseases. Among various diseases urolithiasis is one of the major issues globally demands in painless surgical treatment. Calcium Oxalate (CaOx) is found to be the most prevailing constituent of renal calculus in humans which tends to be the categories of the urolithiasis. Citric acid is commonly used in treating to dissolve them in medications. Citrate compound has the ability to bind with calcium stones to relieve oxalates in urine. The objective of the present study is to assess the efficacy of citrate compounds from waste citrate peels describing the inhibition of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals. Multistep extraction procedures were performed for the selected citrus peels of Citrus limon, Citrus limetta and Citrus sinensis using different solvents (hexane, aqueous and ethanol) and were tested for its inhibitory actions with different parameters against the synthesized CaOx crystals. The synthetic CaOx crystals were characterized by Microscopy, FTIR, SEM, XRD, and TGA. The structural change in the crystal was observed for inhibition at various stages like nucleation, growth and aggregation when treated with the ethanol extracts of citrus peels. Thus the present investigation concludes that the ethanol extracts of C. sinensis peels highly inhibits at a concentration of 1000 (µg/mL) in 60 min when compared to other solvents. This research would give additional information in preparation of drugs against CaOx urolithiasis in future pharmaceutical development processes.

摘要

几个世纪以来，世界人口一直食用柑橘类水果。由于它是一种可食用的来源，因此在治疗许多疾病方面具有多种用途。在各种疾病中，尿路结石是全球需要无痛手术治疗的主要问题之一。草酸钙 (CaOx) 被发现是人类肾结石中最常见的成分，这往往是尿石症的类别。柠檬酸通常用于治疗以将其溶解在药物中。柠檬酸盐化合物具有与钙结石结合以减轻尿液中草酸盐的能力。本研究的目的是评估来自废柠檬酸盐果皮的柠檬酸盐化合物的功效，描述草酸钙 (CaOx) 晶体的抑制作用。对选定的柑橘皮进行多步提取程序使用不同溶剂（己烷、水和乙醇）的柑橘柠檬、柑橘柠檬和柑橘，并测试了其在不同参数下对合成的 CaOx 晶体的抑制作用。合成的 CaOx 晶体通过显微镜、FTIR、SEM、XRD 和 TGA 进行了表征。当用柑橘皮的乙醇提取物处理时，在成核、生长和聚集等不同阶段观察到晶体的结构变化以抑制抑制。因此，目前的调查得出结论， C. sinensis的乙醇提取物与其他溶剂相比，果皮在 60 分钟内在 1000 (µg/mL) 的浓度下具有高度抑制作用。这项研究将为在未来的药物开发过程中制备抗 CaOx 尿石症的药物提供更多信息。