Accurate prediction of levee breach flow is crucial to the mitigation of floods, and for timely breach closure. In this work, flow in an idealized levee breach has been studied for the case of a trapezoidal embankment. Flow data including water depths, surface velocities, and flow discharges were obtained from 28 experiments considering different cases of breach width and main channel downstream water depth. Ultrasonic sensors were used to record the water depth in the channel and the breach. The water surface velocity was measured using a particle tracking velocity method. A one-dimensional dynamic model based on the conservation of mass and momentum in two control volumes was developed by drawing similarities between levee breach flows and diverging open channel junction flows. The proposed model shows satisfactory performance against two independent datasets.

准确预测大堤决口流量对于缓解洪水和及时关闭决口至关重要。在这项工作中，针对梯形路堤的情况，研究了理想化的堤坝破口中的流动。考虑不同裂缝宽度和主河道下游水深的情况，从 28 次实验中获得了包括水深、地表速度和流量在内的流量数据。超声波传感器用于记录通道和破裂处的水深。使用粒子跟踪速度方法测量水面速度。通过绘制堤坝决口流和分流明渠汇流之间的相似性，开发了基于两个控制体积中的质量和动量守恒的一维动力学模型。