Purpose

Habitual snoring (HS) is a prominent symptom of sleep-disordered breathing; thus, it is also important to consider the associated, multidimensional risk factors for HS in children. This study was aimed to identify risk factors for HS in children.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was performed in Chengdu. Children aged 2–14 years from four districts were randomly chosen to participate. Questionnaires were voluntarily completed by the children’s guardians.

Results

The survey included 926 boys and 622 girls, who were an average of 6.4 ± 3.0 years old. The sample included 463 habitual snorers (30.4%), 683 occasional snorers (44.8%), and 402 nonsnorers (26.4%). HS was found in 51.8% of children under 7 years old and 26.6% of children aged 7 years old or older. The prevalence of pregnancy complications was significantly lower in mothers who bore children with HS (p = .006). Among the HS group, 86.6% had an immediate family member who snores. Breastfeeding duration among the HS group was significantly less than among the occasional snoring and nonsnoring groups. History of symptoms of allergic rhinitis, rhinosinusitis, tonsillitis, and pneumonia/bronchitis in the past 6 months was associated with HS. Likewise, maternal smoking during pregnancy, maternal exposure to secondhand smoke during pregnancy, and child exposure to secondhand smoke were also associated with HS.

Conclusion

The prevalence of HS was higher in children under 7 years old. Having a mother with more education, a family history of snoring, a shorter period of breastfeeding, upper respiratory tract inflammation, and passive smoking are important risk factors for HS. Pregnancy complications may be associated with lower prevalence of snoring in childhood.

中文翻译：

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四川省成都市2~14岁儿童习惯性打鼾的危险因素

目的

习惯性打鼾 (HS) 是睡眠呼吸障碍的突出症状；因此，考虑儿童 HS 相关的多维风险因素也很重要。本研究旨在确定儿童 HS 的危险因素。

方法

在成都进行了一项横断面调查。来自四个地区的 2-14 岁儿童被随机选择参加。调查问卷由儿童的监护人自愿完成。

结果

调查包括 926 名男孩和 622 名女孩，平均年龄为 6.4±3.0 岁。样本包括 463 名习惯性打鼾者 (30.4%)、683 名偶尔打鼾者 (44.8%) 和 402 名不打鼾者 (26.4%)。HS 在 51.8% 的 7 岁以下儿童和 26.6% 的 7 岁或以上儿童中被发现。妊娠并发症的发生率在生育 HS 儿童的母亲中显着降低 ( p =.006）。在 HS 组中，86.6% 的直系亲属打鼾。HS 组的母乳喂养持续时间明显短于偶尔打鼾组和不打鼾组。过去 6 个月内过敏性鼻炎、鼻窦炎、扁桃体炎和肺炎/支气管炎症状史与 HS 相关。同样，母亲在怀孕期间吸烟、母亲在怀孕期间接触二手烟以及儿童接触二手烟也与 HS 相关。

结论

7 岁以下儿童的 HS 患病率较高。母亲受教育程度高、打鼾家族史、母乳喂养时间短、上呼吸道炎症和被动吸烟是HS的重要危险因素。妊娠并发症可能与儿童期打鼾的患病率较低有关。