In recent years, researchers of various disciplines have developed many theories to understand the radicalization process. One key factor that may promote radicalization is social exclusion, the state of being kept apart from others. Indeed, experimental studies have provided initial evidence for a relation between exclusion and radicalism. The current review outlines and builds upon these research programs, arguing that social exclusion has been shown (a) to increase the willingness to fight-and-die, (b) to promote the approval for extreme, even violent, political parties and actions, and (c) to push the willingness to engage in illegal and violent action for a political cause. We close with an agenda for future research and critically discuss implications of this work for social policy.

中文翻译：

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社会排斥如何使激进主义蓬勃发展：对经验证据的回顾

近年来，各学科的研究人员发展了许多理论来理解激进化过程。可能促进激进化的一个关键因素是社会排斥，即与他人隔离的状态。事实上，实验研究已经为排斥和激进主义之间的关系提供了初步证据。目前的审查概述并建立在这些研究计划的基础上，认为社会排斥已被证明（a）增加了战斗和死亡的意愿，（b）促进对极端甚至暴力的政党和行动的认可， (c) 推动为政治事业参与非法和暴力行动的意愿。我们以未来研究议程结束，并批判性地讨论这项工作对社会政策的影响。