The purpose of this study was to examine the spatial distribution and potential anthropogenic sources of lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe) in surface soils throughout Brooklyn, NY. We collected soil samples (n = 1,373) from 176 different New York City parks. Samples were analyzed ex-situ using a portable X-ray fluorescence with a subset of samples laboratory confirmed. The effect of multiple sources on concentrations were determined by multivariable linear regression with generalized estimating equations. Median concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn were 108 ppm, 145 ppm, 49 ppm, 14,034 ppm, and 279 ppm, respectively. All metals were significantly correlated with one another (p < 0.001), with the strength of the correlation ranging from a low of approximately ρ = 0.3 (Pb-Mn and Zn-Mn) to a high of ρ = 0.7 (Pb-Cu). In final multivariate modeling significant association were observed between scrap yards and Mn concentration (β = 0.075, 0.019), National Priorities List (NPL) sites and Pb, Fe and Mn (β = 0.134, p = 0.004; β = 0.038, p = 0.014; β = 0.057, p = 0.037, respectively), and bridges nearby and Pb and Zn (β = 0.106, p = 0.003; β = 0.076, p = 0.026, respectively). Although manufacturing and industry have mostly left the area, smaller scrap metal recyclers are abundant and associated with increased Cu and Mn soil concentrations. In addition, NPL sites contributed to increased concentrations of all five metals within 800 m. Roadways have long been established to be sources of urban pollution; however, in our study we also found the presence of bridges within 800 m were also strongly predictive of increased Pb, Cu, and Zn concentrations.

本研究的目的是检查纽约布鲁克林地表土壤中铅 (Pb)、锌 (Zn)、铜 (Cu)、锰 (Mn) 和铁 (Fe) 的空间分布和潜在人为来源。我们从 176 个不同的纽约市公园收集了土壤样本 (n = 1,373)。使用便携式 X 射线荧光对样品进行了异地分析，并确认了一部分样品。多个来源对浓度的影响通过广义估计方程的多元线性回归确定。Pb、Zn、Cu、Fe 和 Mn 的中值浓度分别为 108 ppm、145 ppm、49 ppm、14,034 ppm 和 279 ppm。所有金属都相互显着相关（p < 0.001），相关强度范围从大约 ρ = 0.3（Pb-Mn 和 Zn-Mn）的低到 ρ = 0.7（Pb-Cu）的高。在最终的多元建模中，观察到废料场与锰浓度 (β = 0.075, 0.019)、国家优先清单 (NPL) 站点和 Pb、Fe 和 Mn (β = 0.134, p  = 0.004; β = 0.038, p  = 0.014；β = 0.057，p  = 0.037），以及附近的桥和 Pb 和 Zn（β = 0.106，p  = 0.003；β = 0.076，p = 0.026，分别）。尽管制造业和工业大多已离开该地区，但较小的废金属回收商数量众多，并且与土壤中铜和锰浓度的增加有关。此外，NPL 站点导致 800 m 内所有五种金属的浓度增加。长期以来，道路一直是城市污染的来源；然而，在我们的研究中，我们还发现 800 m 范围内的桥梁的存在也强烈预示着 Pb、Cu 和 Zn 浓度的增加。