INTRODUCTION The aim of this study is to develop a new measure of victimization and perpetration of two frequent forms of image-based sexual abuse, namely sextortion (i.e., the threat of distributing sexual images to pressure the victim into doing something) and nonconsensual sexting (i.e., distributing sexual images of someone without the consent of the victim). Additional aims were to analyze the prevalence of these forms of victimization and perpetration and to examine their temporal stability over a 1-year period. METHODS The sample was made up of 1820 Spanish adolescents (mean age = 13.38, SD = 1.42; 929 girls, 878 boys, 3 nonbinary, and 10 did not indicate gender) who completed self-report instruments on image-based sexual abuse and related variables (e.g., cyberbullying victimization). RESULTS Confirmatory factor analysis supported a structure composed of the four hypothesized factors: sextortion victimization and perpetration, and nonconsensual sexting victimization and perpetration. Higher sexting, cyberbullying victimization, and symptoms of depression and anxiety had stronger associations with image-based sexual victimization than with perpetration, which showed evidence of concurrent validity. Prevalence was 2.6% and 0.7% for sextortion victimization and perpetration, respectively, and 3.4% and 4.9% for nonconsensual sexting victimization and perpetration, respectively. Temporal stability over 1 year was .26 for sextortion victimization, .19 for nonconsensual sexting victimization, .33 for nonconsensual sexting perpetration (all ps < .001), and nonsignificant for sextortion perpetration. The stability of nonconsensual sexting victimization was significantly higher for girls compared to boys, whereas nonconsensual sexting perpetration was more stable over 1 year for boys. CONCLUSIONS Future studies must advance the analysis of the predictors and consequences of image-based sexual abuse among adolescents to better prevent this problem. Prevalence of sextortion and nonconsensual sexting is not negligible, and these problems should be particularly addressed in prevention programs.

中文翻译：

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评估基于图像的性虐待：青少年中性勒索和非自愿性短信（“复仇色情”）的测量、流行和时间稳定性。

引言 本研究的目的是针对两种常见的基于图像的性虐待形式，即性勒索（即分发性图像以迫使受害者做某事的威胁）和非自愿色情短信（即，未经受害者同意分发某人的性图像）。其他目的是分析这些形式的受害和犯罪的普遍性，并检查它们在 1 年内的时间稳定性。方变量（例如，网络欺凌受害）。结果 验证性因素分析支持由四个假设因素组成的结构：性勒索受害和犯罪，以及非自愿性短信受害和犯罪。色情短信、网络欺凌受害以及抑郁和焦虑症状与基于图像的性受害的关联性比与犯罪的关联性更强，这显示了同时有效的证据。性勒索受害和犯罪的患病率分别为 2.6% 和 0.7%，非自愿性短信受害和犯罪的患病率分别为 3.4% 和 4.9%。超过 1 年的时间稳定性对于性勒索受害是 0.26，对于非自愿性色情受害是 0.19，对于非自愿性色情犯罪是 0.33（所有 ps < .001），对于性勒索犯罪不显着。与男孩相比，女孩的非自愿性短信受害的稳定性显着高于男孩，而男孩的非自愿性色情犯罪在 1 年内更为稳定。结论 未来的研究必须推进对青少年基于图像的性虐待的预测因素和后果的分析，以更好地预防这一问题。性勒索和非自愿性短信的流行不可忽视，这些问题应在预防计划中特别解决。