This cross-sectional study examined gender differences between male- and female-typed housework during the early COVID-19 lockdowns in 2020. Participants in Germany, India, Nigeria, and South Africa (N = 823) rated their housework share before and during the lockdown, then speculated about the division of housework performed by men and women in general, before and post-lockdown. Women spent more time on female-typed tasks and men (in Nigeria and South Africa) on male-typed tasks before and during the lockdown. Irrespective of participants’ gender, they speculated that men's and women's housework was more pronounced post-lockdown than before, but we only found gender differences in South Africa and India. Gender role ideology (GRI) moderated the gender‒housework relationship in Germany, but gender did not moderate the paid work hours and housework relationship in any country. Our findings suggest that gendered housework persisted in these countries and raises concerns that this pattern is likely to continue post-lockdown.

中文翻译：

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家务劳动的性别分担与 COVID-19 大流行：检查德国、印度、尼日利亚和南非其他人的自我评价和猜测

这项横断面研究考察了 2020 年 COVID-19 早期封锁期间男性和女性类型家务劳动之间的性别差异。来自德国、印度、尼日利亚和南非的参与者 ( N= 823）对封锁之前和封锁期间的家务分担进行了评估，然后推测了封锁之前和之后男性和女性所承担的家务分工。在封锁之前和封锁期间，女性在女性类型的任务上花费了更多的时间，而男性（在尼日利亚和南非）则在男性类型的任务上花费了更多的时间。无论参与者的性别如何，他们推测男性和女性的家务劳动在封锁后比之前更加明显，但我们只在南非和印度发现了性别差异。在德国，性别角色意识形态（GRI）调节了性别与家务劳动的关系，但在任何国家，性别都没有调节带薪工作时间和家务劳动关系。我们的研究结果表明，性别化的家务劳动在这些国家持续存在，并引发了人们的担忧，即这种模式可能会在封锁后继续存在。