The Dongping gold deposit, located near the northern margin of the North China Craton, contains ore bodies spatially associated with the Devonian Shuiquangou syenite, Cretaceous Shangshuiquan granite, and Archean metamorphic rocks. Major and trace elements and S–Pb isotopes of pyrite from two stages of gold-quartz veins and wall rocks were used to constrain the composition of hydrothermal fluids and metal sources. Stage-1 (early) pyrites are euhedral to subhedral, medium- to coarse-grained, and have low gold contents. Py1a is homogeneous with few fractures, whereas Py1b, which occurs on the edges of Py1a, is porous and has higher metal contents. Stage-2 (late) pyrites are mostly anhedral to subhedral and have smaller grain sizes and higher gold contents than Stage 1. Py2a occurs with sulfide minerals such as galena and chalcopyrite, and Py2b is porous and has the highest gold content (up to 1839 ppm) and smallest grain size. All pyrite samples yield negative δ³⁴S values (− 7.5 to − 3.5‰), reflecting oxidized conditions during mineralization. The ~ 2‰ decrease in δ³⁴S values from Stage 1 (− 4.3‰, − 4.9‰) to Stage 2 (− 7.0‰, − 6.4‰) may reflect a change in the fluid source and/or an increase in fO₂. The Pb isotope composition of Stage-1 pyrite is suggestive of a mantle source similar to that of the Shuiquangou syenite, whereas Stage-2 pyrite has more radiogenic Pb isotopic compositions suggestive of an Archean metamorphic source. Combined with previous studies, our trace element and isotopic results indicate that the two stages of pyrite had different sources, with Stage-2 pyrite being more strongly influenced by metasedimentary rocks. We propose that the early stage of low-grade gold mineralization was related to emplacement of the Devonian Shuiquangou syenite, whereas the late stage of high-grade gold mineralization was related to emplacement of the Cretaceous Shangshuiquan granite and leaching of gold from Archean metamorphic rocks.

东平金矿位于华北克拉通北缘附近，矿体空间上与泥盆纪水泉沟正长岩、白垩纪上水泉花岗岩和太古宙变质岩伴生。采用金石英脉和围岩两个阶段黄铁矿的主、微量元素和S-Pb同位素来约束热液流体和金属源的组成。第一阶段（早期）黄铁矿是自形到半自形，中到粗粒，金含量低。Py1a 是均质的，几乎没有裂缝，而 Py1b 发生在 Py1a 的边缘，是多孔的并且具有更高的金属含量。第 2 阶段（晚期）黄铁矿大多为自面体到半自面体，比第 1 阶段具有更小的晶粒尺寸和更高的金含量。 Py2a 与硫化矿物如方铅矿和黄铜矿一起出现，Py2b 是多孔的，具有最高的金含量（高达 1839 ppm）和最小的晶粒尺寸。所有黄铁矿样品均产生负 δ³⁴ S 值（- 7.5 至 - 3.5‰），反映矿化过程中的氧化条件。^{从第 1 阶段 (- 4.3‰, - 4.9‰) 到第 2 阶段 (- 7.0‰, - 6.4‰) δ 34} S 值下降约 2‰可能反映流体源的变化和/或f O的增加₂. 1期黄铁矿的Pb同位素组成暗示类似于水泉沟正长岩的地幔源，而2期黄铁矿具有更多的放射性Pb同位素组成暗示太古宙变质源。结合前人研究，我们的微量元素和同位素结果表明，两期黄铁矿来源不同，二期黄铁矿受变沉积岩影响更大。我们提出低品位金矿化早期与泥盆系水泉沟正长岩侵位有关，而高品位金矿化后期与白垩纪上水泉花岗岩侵位和太古宙变质岩浸金有关。