Diode is one of the basic electronic components. It has a nonreciprocal current response, associated with a broken space/time reversal symmetry. Here we demonstrate prototypes of superconducting diodes operational at zero magnetic field. They are based on conventional niobium planar Josephson junctions, in which space/time symmetry is broken by a combination of self-field effect from nonuniform bias and stray fields from a trapped Abrikosov vortex. We demonstrate that nonreciprocity of critical current in such diodes can reach an order of magnitude and rectification efficiency can exceed 70%. Furthermore, we can easily change the diode polarity and switch nonreciprocity on/off by changing the bias configuration and by trapping/removing of a vortex. This facilitates a memory functionality. We argue that such a diode-with-memory can be used for a future generation of in-memory superconducting computers.

二极管是基本的电子元件之一。它具有非互易的电流响应，与破坏的空间/时间反转对称性相关。在这里，我们展示了在零磁场下工作的超导二极管原型。它们基于传统的铌平面约瑟夫森结，其中空间/时间对称性被来自非均匀偏置的自场效应和来自被困 Abrikosov 涡旋的杂散场的组合破坏。我们证明了这种二极管中临界电流的非互易性可以达到一个数量级，整流效率可以超过70%。此外，我们可以通过改变偏置配置和捕获/去除涡流来轻松改变二极管极性并打开/关闭非互易性。这有利于记忆功能。