The development of a simple and general approach for manufacturing complex hollow structures is essential to achieve rapid dynamic response and high energy density storage for supercapacitor electrodes. Herein, we report a versatile heating rate-controlled synthetic route to prepare MnCo₂O₄ microspheres with multiple interiors. Comparative study reveals that MnCo₂O₄ microspheres with core–shell structure (MCO-CSS) process the highest specific surface area (91.6 m² g⁻¹) and oxygen vacancy density (0.16), which can provide more electroactive sites for surface Faradic reaction and further facilitate the kinetics of rapid charge storage. While the porous shell and well-defined gap endow MCO-CSS with excellent permeability and low-resistance pathways for electrolyte ions, as well as enhanced volume change accommodation. Benefiting from the structural advantages, MCO-CSS displays an excellent specific capacitance of 1064.4F g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹, remarkable rate capability, and satisfactory cycle stability (89.1% capacitance retention at 2 A g⁻¹ over 1000 cycles). Additionally, an asymmetric supercapacitor device, with an MCO-CSS cathode and porous carbon spheres anode, delivers a remarkable energy density of 33.9 Wh kg⁻¹ at a power density of 187.4 W kg⁻¹, as well as 84.13% capacitance retention over 3000 cycles at 1 A g⁻¹.

开发用于制造复杂中空结构的简单通用方法对于实现超级电容器电极的快速动态响应和高能量密度存储至关重要。在此，我们报告了一种通用的升温速率控制合成路线来制备具有多个内部结构的 MnCo ₂ O _4微球。比较研究表明，具有核壳结构的MnCo ₂ O ₄微球（MCO-CSS）处理的比表面积最高（91.6 m ² g ^-1）和氧空位密度（0.16），这可以为表面法拉第反应提供更多的电活性位点，并进一步促进快速电荷存储的动力学。而多孔外壳和明确的间隙赋予 MCO-CSS 出色的渗透性和低电阻的电解质离子通路，以及增强的体积变化调节能力。受益于结构优势，MCO-CSS在 1 A g ^{-1下表现出 1064.4F g -1}的优异比电容、卓越的倍率性能和令人满意的循环稳定性（1000 次循环在 2 A g ^-1下的电容保持率为 89.1%） . 此外，具有 MCO-CSS 阴极和多孔碳球阳极的不对称超级电容器装置可提供 33.9 Wh kg ^{-1的非凡能量密度}功率密度为 187.4 W kg ^-1，以及在 1 A g ^-1下 3000 次循环后的电容保持率为 84.13% 。