To realize the efficient resource utilization of sewage sludge, this work explored the competitive relationship and reaction mechanisms between syngas quality optimization and heavy metals (HMs) immobilization. The results showed that continuous microwave pyrolysis (CMP) technology with an instantaneous temperature increase could shorten the pyrolysis time, and the biogas yield and syngas concentration reached 51.68 wt% and 83.6 vol%, respectively. Although a higher pyrolysis (750 °C) temperature could optimize the syngas quality, the HMs immobilization efficiency was reduced due to the deep pyrolysis of the biochar. The moderate pyrolysis temperature (650 °C) facilitated the rapid formation of biochar with abundant surface functional groups and pore structure, thus enhancing HMs immobilization. Furthermore, the HMs could also form more stable crystalline compounds with inorganic components (SiO₂, Al₂O₃, inorganic sulfur). By optimizing the process parameters, the risk factor of HMs in the sludge decreased from 117.36 to 62.5 while obtaining high-quality syngas. The energy utilization efficiency of microwave pyrolysis also increased significantly from 11.20% to 82.01%. This work provided new insight into the efficient resource utilization and environmentally friendly treatment of sludge, and demonstrated that CMP technology has significant potential for future industrial applications as an alternative to traditional pyrolysis.

为实现污水污泥的高效资源化利用，该工作探索了合成气质量优化与重金属（HMs）固定化之间的竞争关系和反应机制。结果表明，瞬时升温的连续微波热解（CMP）技术可缩短热解时间，沼气产率和合成气浓度分别达到51.68 wt%和83.6 vol%。虽然较高的热解 (750 °C) 温度可以优化合成气质量，但由于生物炭的深度热解，HMs 固定效率降低。适度的热解温度 (650 °C) 促进了具有丰富表面官能团和孔结构的生物炭的快速形成，从而增强了 HMs 的固定化。此外，₂、Al ₂ O ₃、无机硫）。通过优化工艺参数，在获得优质合成气的同时，污泥中HMs的风险因子由117.36降至62.5。微波热解的能量利用效率也从11.20%大幅提高到82.01%。这项工作为污泥的高效资源利用和环境友好处理提供了新的见解，并证明了 CMP 技术作为传统热解的替代品在未来的工业应用中具有巨大的潜力。