The growth of the electric vehicle (EV) market increases the interest in used batteries, making the evaluation of second life battery degradation and their environmental impact important to understand. This study assesses a nickel manganese cobalt (NMC)–lithium titanate oxide (LTO) battery using the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, considering two scenarios for the second life of the battery: the reuse in an EV or its repurpose as stationary storage for energy generated from photovoltaic panels in a Belgian household. Different from the current studies available in the scientific literature, a multidisciplinary approach is adopted. The study includes primary data from ageing tests conducted in a laboratory. A test campaign is performed on new cells to develop a semiempirical NMC-LTO battery model. Other tests are performed on aged cells to evaluate the feasibility of their second life. These long-lasting cells prove to be suitable for reuse, up to 408000 km or 10 years of repurposing as stationary storage. The LCA demonstrates that the second life of the battery is beneficial under certain conditions. The impact of the reuse and repurpose scenarios on climate change are 0.27 kgCO₂eq/kWh and 0.22 kgCO₂eq/kWh, respectively. Reuse in a vehicle reduces the impact in eight categories, where the manufacturing stage represents more than 54% of the impact. In countries with an electricity mix below 113 gCO₂eq/kWh, reuse decreases the impact on climate change. Due to the balance between efficiency loss compared to a new battery and avoided battery production, repurposing reduces the impact on climate change and acidification by 16% and 25%, respectively. The interest in repurposing is higher when the second life duration is higher. The share of batteries that withstand second life is also a critical parameter but highly depends on the battery chemistry and first use conditions.

电动汽车 (EV) 市场的增长增加了对废旧电池的兴趣，因此评估二次电池退化及其对环境的影响很重要。本研究使用生命周期评估 (LCA) 方法评估镍锰钴(NMC)-钛酸锂 (LTO) 电池，考虑电池第二次使用的两种情况：在电动汽车中重复使用或将其重新用作固定存储对于从产生的能量比利时家庭的光伏板。与科学文献中现有的研究不同，采用了多学科方法。该研究包括在实验室进行的老化测试的主要数据。对新电池进行测试活动以开发半经验 NMC-LTO 电池模型。对老化的电池进行其他测试，以评估其第二次生命的可行性。这些长效电池被证明适合重复使用，最长可达 408000 公里或 10 年用作固定存储。LCA 表明电池的第二次使用寿命在某些条件下是有益的。再利用和再利用情景对气候变化的影响为 0.27 kgCO ₂ eq/kWh 和 0.22 kgCO ₂eq/kWh，分别。车辆中的重复使用减少了八个类别的影响，其中制造阶段代表了超过 54% 的影响。在电力组合低于 113 gCO ₂ eq/kWh 的国家，再利用可减少对气候变化的影响。由于与新电池相比效率损失和避免电池生产之间的平衡，重新利用对气候变化和酸化的影响分别降低了 16% 和 25%。当第二个生命周期较长时，再利用的兴趣较高。可承受二次使用的电池份额也是一个关键参数，但很大程度上取决于电池化学成分和首次使用条件。