Due to the increasing global severe soil pollution, a large number of heavy metal elements are enriched in biomass grown in polluted areas and hyperaccumulators used for phytoremediation. Disposing of above contaminated biomass through traditional in-situ combustion, return to the field, and composting strategies can result in heavy metals re-entering the environment and causing secondary pollution, which poses a huge challenge to the safe disposal of waste biomass. Pursuing more efficient strategies is necessary to achieve green, clean utilization of contaminated biomass and enhance the value. Retaining heavy metals in biomass serves them as functional materials through effective measures can be a sustainable idea. This review described the characteristics of widely used traditional biomass disposal strategies and discussed commonly used thermochemical technologies for heavy metal immobilization. The progress and application status of value-added materials such as chemicals, soil additives, catalysts, absorbents, capacitors, and antibacterial materials prepared from contaminated biomass were systematic overviewed, and the future development direction was prospected. It can be emphasized from the study that the conversion of contaminated biomass into high-value materials is significant and provides a new idea for the green treatment of contaminated biomass and are beneficial to the improvement of phytoremediation technology. Contaminated biomass deserves further exploration and attention as a resource with infinite potential.

由于全球日益严重的土壤污染，大量重金属元素富集在污染地区生长的生物质和用于植物修复的超富集植物中. 上述污染生物质通过传统的就地燃烧、返田、堆肥等方式进行处理，会导致重金属重新进入环境，造成二次污染，给废弃生物质的安全处置带来巨大挑战。追求更有效的策略是实现污染生物质的绿色清洁利用和提高价值的必要条件。通过有效措施保留生物质中的重金属作为功能材料可能是一个可持续的想法。本综述描述了广泛使用的传统生物质处理策略的特点，并讨论了常用的重金属热化学技术固定化。系统综述了利用污染生物质制备的化学品、土壤添加剂、催化剂、吸附剂、电容器、抗菌材料等增值材料的进展和应用现状，并对未来的发展方向进行了展望。研究可以强调，污染生物质转化为高价值材料意义重大，为污染生物质的绿色处理提供了新思路，有利于植物修复技术的改进。受污染的生物质作为一种潜力无限的资源，值得进一步探索和关注。