The distribution characteristics, sources, and risk levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in Ny-Ålesund of the Arctic region during China's 10th Arctic expedition were studied in this paper. Results showed that the concentration of OCPs in the surface soil of the Ny-Ålesund region ranged from 0.59 ng·g⁻¹ to 3.87 ng·g⁻¹, with an average concentration of 2.22 ng·g⁻¹. Source analysis showed that the OCPs in the study area mainly originated from historical residues, and a certain degree of conversion between congeners of hexachlorocyclohexanes and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes in the soil occurred due to environmental factors. Ecological risk assessment indicated that the study area was at a low ecological risk level, but the potential environmental impact of OCPs could not be neglected due to the specificity and sensitivity of the Arctic environment.