In this article, we show the capability of a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) precise orbit determination (POD) low Earth orbit (LEO) data to detect anomalous ionospheric disturbances in the spectral range of the signals associated with earthquakes and tsunamis, applied to two of these events in Papua New Guinea (PNG) and the Solomon Islands during 2016. This is achieved thanks to the new PIES approach (POD-GNSS LEO Detrended Ionospheric Electron Content Significant Deviations). The significance of such ionospheric signals above the swarm LEOs is confirmed with different types of independent data: in situ electron density measurements provided by the Langmuir Probe (LP) onboard swarm LEOs, DORIS, and ground-based GNSS colocated measurements, as it is described in this article. In this way, we conclude the possible detection of the tsunami-related ionospheric gravity wave in PNG 2016 event, consistent with the most-recent theory, which shows that a tsunami (which is localized in space and time) excites a spectrum of gravity waves, some of which have faster horizontal phase speeds than the tsunami. We believe that this work shows as well the feasibility of a future potential monitoring system of ionospheric disturbances, to be made possible by hundreds of CubeSats with POD GNSS receivers among other appropriate sensors, and supported for real-time or near real-time confirmation and characterization by thousands of worldwide existing ground GNSS receivers.

中文翻译：

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从 GNSS POD 数据（包括可能的海啸特征）系统检测 LEO 上方的异常电离层扰动

在本文中，我们展示了全球导航卫星系统 (GNSS) 精确轨道确定 (POD) 低地球轨道 (LEO) 数据在与地震和海啸相关的信号光谱范围内检测异常电离层扰动的能力，应用于2016 年在巴布亚新几内亚 (PNG) 和所罗门群岛发生了其中两个事件。这要归功于新的 PIES 方法（POD-GNSS LEO 去趋势电离层电子含量显着偏差）。不同类型的独立数据证实了群 LEO 上方的这种电离层信号的重要性：原位由 Langmuir Probe (LP) 机载 LEO、DORIS 和地面 GNSS 共址测量提供的电子密度测量，如本文所述。通过这种方式，我们得出结论，在 PNG 2016 事件中可能检测到与海啸相关的电离层重力波，这与最新理论一致，该理论表明海啸（在空间和时间上定位）激发了一系列重力波，其中一些具有比海啸更快的水平相位速度。我们相信这项工作也表明了未来潜在的电离层扰动监测系统的可行性，这可以通过数百个带有 POD GNSS 接收器的立方体卫星以及其他适当的传感器来实现，