Synthesizing layered transition-metal carbides, MXenes, with a mesoporous structure remains challenging but is highly useful because it converts the laminated two-dimensional structures into versatile porous materials. Hydrogen bonds between intercalated H₂O molecules and oxygen terminal groups on the surface are formed in aqueous solution processes, and this is a determining factor of surface area. We developed an extraction method to remove intercalated water molecules based on a simple intermolecular force attraction strategy in a co-solvent system using a combination of polar-protic/-aprotic and non-polar solvents. As a result, self-aggregated mesoporous Ti₃C₂T_x was realized without any additives. The dipole–dipole interaction between H₂O and CHCl₃ molecules under non-polar solvent conditions assists the extraction of intercalated H₂O from the MXene suspension, which can form a self-aggregated morphology (not re-stacked horizontally). The process yields Ti₃C₂T_x with a layered structure of embedded mesopores and a specific surface area that is 13-fold higher than that of standard MXene. Electrodes made with the resulting MXene exhibited a larger specific capacitance of 224 F/g (1 A/g), with an improved cyclic retention of 96.4%@10,000 cycles. This intermolecular attraction-induced approach, involving the manipulation of morphology, is simple to mass-produce and can be used for MXene-based electrochemical applications.

中文翻译：

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通过使用共溶剂系统消除插层水分子实现高容量 Ti3C2Tx MXene 电极

合成具有介孔结构的层状过渡金属碳化物 MXenes 仍然具有挑战性，但非常有用，因为它将层状二维结构转化为多功能多孔材料。嵌入的H ₂ O分子和表面上的氧端基之间的氢键是在水溶液过程中形成的，这是表面积的决定因素。我们开发了一种提取方法，该方法基于简单的分子间力吸引策略在共溶剂系统中使用极性质子/非质子和非极性溶剂的组合来去除插层水分子。结果，自聚集介孔 Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x无需任何添加剂即可实现。在非极性溶剂条件下，H ₂ O 和 CHCl ₃分子之间的偶极-偶极相互作用有助于从 MXene 悬浮液中提取嵌入的 H ₂ O，从而形成自聚集形态（不水平重新堆叠）。该过程产生 Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x具有嵌入中孔的分层结构和比标准 MXene 高 13 倍的比表面积。使用所得 MXene 制成的电极表现出 224 F/g (1 A/g) 的更大比电容，循环保持率提高了 96.4%@10,000 次循环。这种分子间吸引诱导的方法，涉及形态的操纵，易于大规模生产，可用于基于 MXene 的电化学应用。