The modification of triboelectric materials is an important means to improve the output performance of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), and the surface charge or ion implantation is an effective way among many modification methods. However, the output enhancement via optimizing triboelectric materials is still limited. Herein, a fast surface charge injection technique based on air breakdown effect is reported, which utilizes an excitation circuit to realize the directional accumulation of charge. Consequently, the output charge density of the Polyimide (PI) film after charge injection reaches 880 µC m^-2, which is the highest of the series of modified triboelectric materials. Moreover, a novel charge transfer mechanism with electrostatic induction competition is proposed, in which significant difference between surface charge density and output charge density is highlighted clearly. Meanwhile, the method of quantifying surface charge density is further given. This work provides a more effective method for the modification of dielectric materials and also offers an important insight towards the charge transfer mechanism in TENG.

中文翻译：

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通过空气击穿实现的电荷注入改进和量化表面电荷密度

摩擦电材料的改性是提高摩擦电纳米发电机（TENG）输出性能的重要手段，表面电荷或离子注入是众多改性方法中的有效途径。然而，通过优化摩擦电材料来提高输出仍然有限。本文报道了一种基于空气击穿效应的快速表面电荷注入技术，该技术利用激励电路实现电荷的定向积累。因此，电荷注入后聚酰亚胺（PI）薄膜的输出电荷密度达到880 µC m ^-2，是改性摩擦电材料系列中最高的。此外，提出了一种具有静电感应竞争的新型电荷转移机制，其中表面电荷密度和输出电荷密度之间的显着差异被清晰地突出显示。同时，进一步给出了量化表面电荷密度的方法。这项工作为介电材料的改性提供了一种更有效的方法，也为了解 TENG 中的电荷转移机制提供了重要的见解。