With increasing global warming, catastrophic floods have threatened people's lives seriously and caused huge economic losses. However, present water hazard alarming systems generally rely on commercial batteries, limiting the intelligent development of disaster prevention planning and maintenance costs. In order to break the limitation, this work applies triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) to water hazard alarming. A spherical TENG device with four spiral units is designed to harvest water wave energy, and charge excitation modules (CEMs) are created and integrated with the TENG to improve its electric output. The output current and output power of the spherical TENG with CEMs can reach 15.09 mA and 24.48 mW, which are increased by 250.5 and 4.0 times, compared to the TENG without CEMs. Based on the charge excitation TENG, a self-powered intelligent buoy is constructed. Utilizing the buoy to transmit 433 MHz radio frequency signals to 25 meters away, a water level alarm system and a water level information exchange system with a mobile phone are successfully realized. This work extends applications of TENGs toward water wave energy harvesting and provides a new strategy for water hazard alarming, which is conducive to the fields of carbon neutralization, Internet of Things, and disaster prevention.

中文翻译：

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基于摩擦纳米发电机的水位报警自供电智能浮标

随着全球气候变暖的加剧，特大洪水严重威胁着人们的生命安全，造成了巨大的经济损失。然而，目前的水灾报警系统普遍依赖商用电池，限制了防灾规划和维护成本的智能化发展。为了打破这一限制，这项工作将摩擦纳米发电机（TENGs）应用于水害警报。具有四个螺旋单元的球形 TENG 装置旨在收集水波能量，并创建电荷激发模块 (CEM) 并将其与 TENG 集成以提高其电输出。带有CEMs的球形TENG的输出电流和输出功率可以达到15.09 mA和24.48 mW，与没有CEMs的TENG相比，分别提高了250.5和4.0倍。基于电荷激发 TENG，构建了一个自供电的智能浮标。利用浮标向25米外发射433MHz射频信号，成功实现了水位报警系统和与手机的水位信息交换系统。该工作将TENGs的应用扩展到水波能量收集领域，为水灾预警提供了新的策略，有利于碳中和、物联网和防灾等领域。