Gulf Stream (GS) meander structure and propagation offshore of Cape Hatteras are investigated by integrating current measurements from a bottom-moored Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) with high-frequency radar (HFR) surface current measurements and satellite Sea Surface Temperature (SST) images during November 2014. The ADCP measurements provide well-resolved current observations throughout most of the water column, while hourly surface current measurements from HF radars and available satellite SST images provide spatial context to the GS orientation, meander propagation, circulation, and shear structure in the region of the ADCP mooring. The observations provide new insights about meander propagation and evolution in this important transition region. ADCP measurements observed that the increase and deepening intervals of the downstream current with approaching meander crests were typically longer than those for the decrease and shoaling of downstream current, consistent with prominent skewed crests near the surface. The transition time from trough to crest is much greater than that from crest to trough, reflecting the asymmetry in the downstream velocity structure. Vertical shears in the downstream and cross-stream velocity components are indicative of a cold dome centered downslope and offshore of the ADCP. Local maxima in downstream current and bottom temperature at the ADCP occur simultaneously, are accompanied by large vertical velocities, and are led by offshore currents in the upper water column. The mean meander phase speed estimated with HFRs is 48 km/day. Meander periods during the month are about 5-6 days. Where the maxima are seen in the water column, downstream currents reach 2.5 m/s, with current reversals sometimes in excess of 0.5 m/s. Downstream currents occupy an increasing portion of the water column as a crest approaches, and a decreasing fraction as a trough approaches. The deepening increase in downstream velocities with approaching crests is often accompanied by an increase in upstream velocities near the bottom.

通过将底部系泊声多普勒电流剖面仪 (ADCP) 的电流测量与高频雷达 (HFR) 表面电流测量和卫星海面温度 (SST) 相结合，研究了哈特拉斯角近海的墨西哥湾流 (GS) 曲流结构和传播2014 年 11 月的图像。ADCP 测量在大部分水体中提供了良好分辨的当前观测，而来自 HF 雷达的每小时表面电流测量和可用的卫星 SST 图像为 GS 方向、曲流传播、环流和剪切结构提供了空间背景在 ADCP 系泊区域。这些观察结果为这一重要过渡区域的曲流传播和演化提供了新的见解。ADCP 测量观察到，随着接近曲折波峰，下游水流的增加和加深间隔通常比下游水流减少和变浅的时间间隔更长，这与地表附近突出的倾斜波峰一致。从波谷到波峰的过渡时间远大于从波峰到波谷的过渡时间，反映了下游速度结构的不对称性。下游和横流速度分量中的垂直切变表明冷穹中心下坡和 ADCP 离岸。ADCP下游水流的局部最大值和底部温度同时出现，伴随着较大的垂直速度，并由上层水柱中的近海洋流引导。使用 HFR 估计的曲流相速度为 48 公里/天。本月的曲折期约为 5-6 天。在水柱中看到最大值的地方，下游水流达到 2.5 m/s，电流反转有时超过 0.5 m/s。随着波峰接近，下游水流占据水柱的增加部分，随着波谷接近而减少部分。随着接近波峰的下游速度的加深增加通常伴随着靠近底部的上游速度的增加。