A Pt–Ni–Co catalyst was synthesized with Pt single atoms and atomic clusters (SAACs) dispersed over (Ni,Co)(OH)₂ nanoparticles on a carbon matrix, which leads to high catalytic activity, up to 100% conversion, and selectivity in the hydrogenation of nitroaromatics under moderate conditions (H₂ ∼ 1.0 MPa and ≤40 °C). A synergistically coordinated ensemble effect of the Pt SAACs is identified with the strongly polarized Pt single atoms preferentially adsorbing the −NO₂ and the Pt clusters adsorbing and homolytically dissociating H₂ molecules, and the H species then readily move to the adsorbed −NO₂ group, overcoming a much reduced energy barrier on the (Ni,Co)(OH)₂, enhancing the reaction rate by ca. 50 times. The approach not only reveals the coordinated ensemble catalysis mechanism of SAACs but also provides a strategy of developing highly efficient and selective catalysts by fine tuning of the electronic microenvironment from single atoms to atomic clusters co-located over a multimetallic substrate. The demonstrated case for nitroarenes can be readily applied for other species containing −NO₂ or other easily hydrogenated groups (such as C═C, C≡N, and C═O).

中文翻译：

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Pt 单原子和簇在 (Ni,Co)(OH)2 底物上的有效集合催化高选择性、高效和稳定的加氢反应

合成了一种 Pt-Ni-Co 催化剂，其中 Pt 单原子和原子团簇 (SAAC) 分散在碳基质上的 (Ni,Co)(OH) ₂纳米颗粒上，具有高催化活性、高达 100% 的转化率和在中等条件下（H ₂ ∼ 1.0 MPa 和 ≤40 °C）加氢硝基芳烃的选择性。Pt SAACs 的协同协调整体效应被确定为强极化的 Pt 单原子优先吸附 -NO ₂和 Pt 簇吸附和均裂 H ₂分子，然后 H 物质很容易移动到吸附的 -NO ₂基团, 克服了 (Ni,Co)(OH) _{2上大大降低的能垒}，提高反应速率约。50 次。该方法不仅揭示了 SAACs 的协同整体催化机制，而且提供了一种通过微调电子微环境从单原子到位于多金属基底上的原子团簇来开发高效和选择性催化剂的策略。所证明的硝基芳烃案例可以很容易地应用于其他含有-NO ₂或其他容易氢化的基团（例如C=C、C≡N和C=O）的物质。