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Undercover Algorithm: A Secret Chapter in the Early History of Artificial Intelligence and Satellite Imagery
International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence Pub Date : 2022-06-21 , DOI: 10.1080/08850607.2022.2073542
Jack O’Connor

Abstract

In the second decade of the twenty-first century, computer algorithms accurately and rapidly identify features of some objects on digital satellite imagery. These feature-recognition algorithms are expected to transform geospatial intelligence: to enable rapid retrospective searching of imagery archives and focus prospective analytic attention. This Perspective article establishes the beginning of the U.S. Intelligence Community’s research and development on this capability. Archival research of declassified Central Intelligence Agency documents produced two discoveries: one identifies that the earliest feature-recognition initiative predated the creation of the National Photographic Interpretation Center (NPIC) in January 1961. The other discovery reveals that the earliest neural network software, Frank Rosenblatt’s Mark I Perceptron, from which current feature-detection software descends, had been part of a previously secret four-year NPIC effort from 1963 through 1966 to develop this algorithm into a useful tool for photo-interpreters. The manager of that research effort, John Cain, defined the prospective utility of this software in 1963, and Cain’s criteria, derived from NPIC’s experience during the Cuban Missile Crisis, continues to shape the prospective geospatial intelligence uses of feature-recognition software.



中文翻译:

秘密算法:人工智能和卫星图像早期历史的秘密篇章

摘要

在二十一世纪的第二个十年,计算机算法可以准确、快速地识别数字卫星图像上某些物体的特征。这些特征识别算法预计将改变地理空间智能:实现图像档案的快速回顾性搜索并集中前瞻性分析注意力。这篇《透视》文章奠定了美国情报界研究和开发这种能力的开端。对中央情报局解密文件的档案研究产生了两项发现:一项发现表明,最早的特征识别举措早于 1961 年 1 月国家摄影解读中心 (NPIC) 的创建。另一项发现表明,最早的神经网络软件是弗兰克·罗森布拉特 (Frank Rosenblatt) 的马克一号感知器,当前的特征检测软件就是从它衍生出来的,它是 NPIC 从 1963 年到 1966 年历时四年的秘密努力的一部分,旨在将该算法开发成对照片解读者有用的工具。该研究工作的经理 John Cain 在 1963 年定义了该软件的预期效用,Cain 的标准源自 NPIC 在古巴导弹危机期间的经验,并继续影响着特征识别软件的未来地理空间情报用途。

更新日期:2022-06-21
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