Perovskite solar cells could strongly compete with the silicon solar cells in the market soon as illustrated in recent studies. In this work, promising and stable metal-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been successfully fabricated using an inorganic SnO₂/Quantum dot SnO₂ (QD-SnO₂) double layer as an efficient electron transport layer via a low-temperature solution process. The fully-air fabricated PSCs in the form of FTO/SnO₂/QD-SnO₂/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/Carbon were tested at different annealed QD-SnO₂ between 300 and 500 °C. The as-prepared QD-SnO₂ and the fabricated devices are characterized by various techniques, including XRD, XPS, HR-TEM, FE-SEM, UV–vis–NIR spectroscopy, PL, and solar simulator. The prepared QD-SnO₂ at 300 °C has shown well-ordered nanoparticles of 5.6 nm in diameter with superior carrier density (1.5 × 10¹⁵ cm⁻³) and highest carrier mobility (64.1 cm²·V^-1·s⁻¹), accelerating the carriers separation process within the cell. The best devices demonstrated a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.7%, V_OC 0.81 V, J_SC 19.5 mA·cm⁻², and FF 74%. The presence of an interfacial layer of QD-SnO₂ over the blocking SnO₂ upsurges the band gaps alignment and accelerates the carriers extraction rate affecting the performance of the fabricated perovskite devices. Moreover, the optimized fabricated devices revealed a shelf stability-life of four months in humid air (40%–50%) with >83% of its initial PCE. This simple synthetic approach can develop the opportunities to transfer the cell from the lab to the market, which will be compatible with large-scale production.

最近的研究表明，钙钛矿太阳能电池很快就会与市场上的硅太阳能电池展开激烈竞争。_{在这项工作中，利用无机 SnO 2} /量子点 SnO ₂ (QD-SnO ₂ ) 双层作为高效电子传输层，通过低温溶液成功制备了有前景且稳定的无金属钙钛矿太阳能电池 (PSC)过程。_{FTO/SnO 2} /QD-SnO ₂ /CH ₃ NH ₃ PbI ₃ /Carbon形式的全空气制造 PSC 在300 至 500 °C 之间的不同退火 QD-SnO _{2下进行了测试。}所制备的 QD-SnO ₂并且制造的器件通过各种技术进行表征，包括 XRD、XPS、HR-TEM、FE-SEM、UV-vis-NIR 光谱、PL 和太阳模拟器。所制备的 QD-SnO ₂在 300 °C 下显示出直径为 5.6 nm 的有序纳米粒子，具有优异的载流子密度（1.5 × 10 ¹⁵  cm ^-3）和最高的载流子迁移率（64.1 cm ² ·V ^-1 ·s ^-1 )，加速细胞内的载流子分离过程。最佳器件的最大功率转换效率 (PCE) 为 11.7%、V _OC 0.81 V、J _SC 19.5 mA·cm ^-2和 FF 74%。QD-SnO 界面层的存在₂在阻挡 SnO ₂上增加了带隙排列并加速了载流子提取速率，从而影响了制造的钙钛矿器件的性能。此外，优化后的制造设备在潮湿空气（40%–50%）中的保质期为 4 个月，初始 PCE 超过 83%。这种简单的合成方法可以开发将细胞从实验室转移到市场的机会，这将与大规模生产兼容。