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Recent insights into noncanonical 5′ capping and decapping of RNA
Journal of Biological Chemistry ( IF 5.5 ) Pub Date : 2022-06-21 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102171
Selom K Doamekpor 1 , Sunny Sharma 2 , Megerditch Kiledjian 2 , Liang Tong 1
Affiliation  

The 5′ N7-methylguanosine cap is a critical modification for mRNAs and many other RNAs in eukaryotic cells. Recent studies have uncovered an RNA 5′ capping quality surveillance mechanism, with DXO/Rai1 decapping enzymes removing incomplete caps and enabling the degradation of the RNAs, in a process we also refer to as “no-cap decay.” It has also been discovered recently that RNAs in eukaryotes, bacteria, and archaea can have noncanonical caps (NCCs), which are mostly derived from metabolites and cofactors such as NAD, FAD, dephospho-CoA, UDP-glucose, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, and dinucleotide polyphosphates. These NCCs can affect RNA stability, mitochondrial functions, and possibly mRNA translation. The DXO/Rai1 enzymes and selected Nudix (nucleotide diphosphate linked to X) hydrolases have been shown to remove NCCs from RNAs through their deNADding, deFADding, deCoAping, and related activities, permitting the degradation of the RNAs. In this review, we summarize the recent discoveries made in this exciting new area of RNA biology.



中文翻译:

对 RNA 非规范 5' 加帽和脱帽的最新见解

5' N 7 -甲基鸟苷帽是真核细胞中 mRNA 和许多其他 RNA 的关键修饰。最近的研究揭示了 RNA 5' 加帽质量监测机制,DXO/Rai1 脱帽酶去除不完整的帽并使 RNA 降解,在我们也称为“无帽衰减”的过程中。最近还发现真核生物、细菌和古细菌中的RNA可以具有非经典帽(NCCs),其主要来源于代谢物和辅助因子,如NAD、FAD、去磷酸辅酶A、UDP-葡萄糖、UDP- N-乙酰葡糖胺和二核苷酸多磷酸盐。这些 NCC 会影响 RNA 稳定性、线粒体功能,并可能影响 mRNA 翻译。DXO/Rai1 酶和选定的 Nudix(与 X 连接的二磷酸核苷酸)水解酶已被证明可以通过它们的 deNADding、deFADding、deCoAping 和相关活动从 RNA 中去除 NCC,从而允许 RNA 的降解。在这篇综述中,我们总结了 RNA 生物学这一激动人心的新领域的最新发现。

更新日期:2022-06-21
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