Unlike traditional electrochemical sensor relying on an external electric supply, self-powered electrochemical sensor (SPES) uses the electric signal from the output generated from itself and thus is favorable to achieve the miniaturization of device. Herein, we designed an integrated photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC) to construct a miniature SPES for patulin (PAT) detection. In this design, a graphene-Bi₂S₃ (G-Bi₂S₃) photoanode and a Prussian blue (PB) cathode were fabricated on a single etched ITO slice to construct an integrated PFC. Under visible light illumination, photogenerated electrons on the G-Bi₂S₃ photoanode flowed through the circuit into PB cathode to reduce PB, leading to the generation of electric output in PFC. By utilizing the inhibited PFC output originated from the capture of PAT by aptamer immobilized on the photoanode, a miniature SPES for PAT driven by visible light was realized. The proposed SPES exhibits a wide dynamic range toward PAT in the concentration range from 5.0 nM to 500 nM. And the detection limit (3 S/N) was down to 0.28 nM. The proposed SPES was successfully applied to the detection of PAT in apple juice.

与传统的电化学传感器依赖外部电源不同，自供电电化学传感器（SPES）利用自身产生的输出电信号，有利于实现器件的小型化。在此，我们设计了一种集成光催化燃料电池 (PFC) 来构建用于棒曲霉素 (PAT) 检测的微型 SPES。在该设计中，石墨烯-Bi ₂ S ₃ (G-Bi ₂ S ₃ ) 光电阳极和普鲁士蓝 (PB) 阴极在单个蚀刻 ITO 切片上制造，以构建集成 PFC。在可见光照射下，G-Bi ₂ S _{3上的光生电子}光阳极通过电路流入 PB 阴极以减少 PB​​，从而在 PFC 中产生电输出。通过利用固定在光阳极上的适体捕获PAT所产生的抑制PFC输出，实现了由可见光驱动的PAT微型SPES。所提出的 SPES 在 5.0 nM 至 500 nM 的浓度范围内表现出对 PAT 的宽动态范围。检测限 (3 S/N) 降至 0.28 nM。所提出的 SPES 成功应用于苹果汁中 PAT 的检测。