This paper proposed the Predicted Utility-centric Path Switching (PUPS) method for k-hop Vehicle-To-Vehicle (V2V) data offloading based on the Software Defined Network (SDN) Controller inside the Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC) server's architecture. Let two moving vehicles $V_a$ and $V_b$ regularly use Base Stations (BSs) of 4G/5G cellular network to communicate with each other and periodically report their contexts to the MEC server. The SDN Controller inside the MEC server can calculate and predict the k-hop offloading paths that are able to exist potentially for $V_a$ and $V_b$ based on the reported contexts that are periodically received from all of the vehicles administered by the MEC server, i.e., the control plane of the k-hop V2V offloading is handled by the SDN Controller inside the MEC server. When a feasible k-hop V2V path can be found and used for offloading the communicated data between $V_a$ and $V_b$ from 4G/5G cellular network, the data plane, i.e., forwarding data between $V_a$ and $V_b$, of the k-hop V2V offloading is handled by the constituent vehicles of the k-hop V2V offloading path. Additionally, after the V2V offloading session is launched, the MEC server can notify $V_a$ and $V_b$ to switch to the k-hop V2V offloading path X having the better utility than the currently used one on the time point that path X was predicted to exist. The performance evaluation results indicated that the proposed method has the higher data offloading fraction, the lower data loss rate and the longer offloading service time in the situations of the longer limit of hop count and the low/medium/high vehicle density.

本文提出了基于多接入边缘计算 (MEC) 服务器架构内的软件定义网络 (SDN) 控制器的 K-hop Vehicle-To-Vehicle (V2V) 数据卸载的预测以实用程序为中心的路径切换 (PUPS) 方法. 让两辆移动的车辆${五}_{\mathrm{一个}}$和${五}_b$定期使用 4G/5G 蜂窝网络的基站（BS）相互通信，并定期向 MEC 服务器报告它们的上下文。MEC 服务器内的 SDN 控制器可以计算和预测可能存在的 k-hop 卸载路径${五}_{\mathrm{一个}}$和${五}_b$基于从 MEC 服务器管理的所有车辆定期接收的报告上下文，即 k-hop V2V 卸载的控制平面由 MEC 服务器内部的 SDN 控制器处理。当可以找到可行的 k-hop V2V 路径并将其用于卸载之间的通信数据时${五}_{\mathrm{一个}}$和${五}_b$从 4G/5G 蜂窝网络，数据平面，即在之间转发数据${五}_{\mathrm{一个}}$和${五}_b$, k-hop V2V 卸载由 k-hop V2V 卸载路径的组成车辆处理。此外，在启动 V2V 卸载会话后，MEC 服务器可以通知${五}_{\mathrm{一个}}$和${五}_b$在预测路径X存在的时间点，切换到比当前使用的路径更实用的 k-hop V2V 卸载路径X。性能评估结果表明，该方法在跳数限制较长和低/中/高车辆密度的情况下具有更高的数据分流率、更低的数据丢失率和更长的分流服务时间。