Phosphate ores are highly complex, requiring sophisticated processing steps to meet the specifications of the fertilizer industry. Froth flotation is widely used in several phosphate ore concentration routes, using vegetable-origin fatty acid salts as collectors. In this scenario, the search for alternative sources with high accessibility, efficiency, and availability becomes strategic. In this work, Andiroba oil (Carapas guianensi) was evaluated regarding its physicochemical characteristics (fatty profile, acidity, saponification, and iodine indices) and the performance of its fatty acid salts as a selective apatite collector in the flotation from calcium and magnesium carbonate gangue minerals, commonly found in phosphate ores. The oil sample was found to be mainly composed of oleic and palmitic acid. The best selectivity between apatite and carbonates was obtained at pH 7.5 and 20 mg.L⁻¹ collector concentration, especially for the apatite-dolomite system. The zeta potential and FTIR results indicated that chemisorption and precipitation of calcium salts were the collector adsorption mechanism responsible for hydrophobization. The selectivity achieved was attributed to the difference in the conformation of the hydrophobic layers formed on the surface of each mineral, being related to the spatial arrangement and density of active sites. Andiroba oil proved to be promising as an apatite collector in flotation systems with carbonate gangue, being an environmentally attractive alternative for the phosphate industry.

磷酸盐矿石非常复杂，需要复杂的加工步骤才能满足化肥行业的规格。泡沫浮选广泛用于几种磷矿选矿路线，使用植物来源的脂肪酸盐作为捕收剂。在这种情况下，寻找具有高可访问性、效率和可用性的替代资源变得具有战略意义。在这项工作中，Andiroba 油 ( Carapas guianensi) 对其物理化学特性（脂肪成分、酸度、皂化和碘指数）以及其脂肪酸盐在从磷酸盐矿石中常见的碳酸钙和镁脉石矿物浮选中作为选择性磷灰石捕收剂的性能进行了评估。发现油样主要由油酸和棕榈酸组成。磷灰石和碳酸盐之间的最佳选择性在 pH 7.5 和 20 mg.L ^-1时获得捕收剂浓度，特别是对于磷灰石-白云石系统。zeta电位和FTIR结果表明，钙盐的化学吸附和沉淀是疏水化的捕收剂吸附机制。获得的选择性归因于每种矿物表面形成的疏水层构象的差异，与活性位点的空间排列和密度有关。事实证明，Andiroba 油在含碳酸盐脉石的浮选系统中作为磷灰石捕收剂很有前景，是磷酸盐工业的环保替代品。