Multi-temporal synthetic aperture radar interferometry (MT-InSAR) is able to detect surface deformation and reconstruct a 3D surface model with high precision but requires a long observation period to accumulate the multi-baseline SAR images. The airborne array InSAR system is able to acquire a stack of multi-baseline SAR images in a single acquisition, which significantly improves the 3D modeling capability. However, processing the images obtained by the low-altitude platform using the conventional model will lead to geometric approximation (GA) errors, such as flattened phase error and reference error, which degrade the precision of the 3D reconstruction. In this paper, we quantitatively analyze the error sources of the array-InSAR interferograms and design a hybrid 3D phase unwrapping approach for 3D reconstruction. A hypothesis test is developed to identify the phase ambiguity by comparing the initial solution of the least-square with that of the beam-forming. Three indicators are proposed to identify the reliable arcs, achieving a reliable phase unwrapping. The $L_1$ norm approach is adopted to detect the unwrapping errors during the spatial unwrapping and a two-tie network strategy is used to process the data in the individual blocks from the perspective of global optimization. Furthermore, an iterative scheme is recommended to compensate the geometric approximation errors. The main advantage of the proposed algorithm is the compensation of the GA error and reliable phase unwrapping. The experimental results by both simulated and real SAR data show that the proposed algorithm can eliminate the GA error and provide a viable solution to rapid 3D SAR imaging with an airborne platform.

多时相合成孔径雷达干涉仪（MT-InSAR）能够检测表面变形并以高精度重建3D表面模型，但需要较长的观察周期才能积累多基线SAR图像。机载阵列 InSAR 系统一次采集可采集多幅多基线 SAR 图像，显着提高了 3D 建模能力。然而，使用常规模型处理低空平台获得的图像会导致几何近似（GA）误差，例如扁平化的相位误差和参考误差，从而降低了3D重建的精度。在本文中，我们定量分析了阵列 InSAR 干涉图的误差来源，并设计了一种用于 3D 重建的混合 3D 相位展开方法。通过将最小二乘的初始解与波束形成的初始解进行比较，开发了一种假设检验来识别相位模糊度。提出了三个指标来识别可靠的电弧，实现可靠的相位展开。这${\mathrm{大号}}_1$采用范数方法检测空间展开过程中的展开误差，并从全局优化的角度采用二结网络策略对各个块中的数据进行处理。此外，建议使用迭代方案来补偿几何近似误差。所提出算法的主要优点是GA误差的补偿和可靠的相位展开。模拟和真实 SAR 数据的实验结果表明，该算法可以消除遗传算法误差，为机载平台快速 3D SAR 成像提供了可行的解决方案。