Bioactive compounds (BCs) extracted from plants have been under study since ancient times due to their outstanding features such as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. This has led to the development of various extraction techniques, which are classified as conventional (e.g., Soxhlet extraction, maceration, and hydrodistillation) and non-conventional (e.g., ultrasound-assisted extraction, ohmic extraction, supercritical fluid extraction), both seeking high yields and recovery effectiveness. However, these compounds have an important disadvantage, as they are very susceptible to degradation when exposed to heat, light, and humidity, among other factors. Micro and nanoencapsulation can protect the BCs from these factors allowing their controlled release, favoring their application in this manner. To build these systems several techniques and materials are used, and they must be properly selected as they directly influence their functionality and structural characteristics. Recently, micro and nanostructures have also been explored as carriers for BCs with the aim of combating microbial attacks on crops and extending the food products shelf life. This review covers relevant and updated information on BCs from plants, describing and discussing different extraction techniques and encapsulation processes. It also presents an updated summary about the most frequently used wall materials for encapsulating BCs. There is a review of the advantages that micro and nano encapsulation of BCs from plants can provide, showing that their design can improve their properties, which represents an excellent alternative to potentiate future applications that cover needs in several areas, mainly in the agri-food industry.

生物活性化合物从植物中提取的 (BCs) 自古以来就因其抗氧化、抗癌、抗炎和抗菌特性等突出特性而受到研究。这导致了各种提取技术的发展，这些技术分为常规（例如，索氏萃取、浸渍和加氢蒸馏）和非常规（例如，超声辅助萃取、欧姆萃取、超临界流体萃取），两者都寻求高产量和回收效率。然而，这些化合物有一个重要的缺点，因为它们在暴露于热、光和湿度等因素时非常容易降解。微和纳米封装可以保护 BCs 免受这些因素的影响，从而使其受控释放，从而有利于它们以这种方式应用。为了构建这些系统，使用了多种技术和材料，并且必须正确选择它们，因为它们直接影响它们的功能和结构特征。最近，还探索了微米和纳米结构作为 BC 的载体，目的是对抗微生物对农作物的侵袭并延长食品的保质期。本综述涵盖了有关植物 BCs 的相关和更新信息，描述和讨论了不同的提取技术和封装过程。它还提供了有关用于封装 BC 的最常用墙体材料的更新摘要。回顾了植物BCs的微纳米封装可以提供的优势，表明它们的设计可以改善它们的特性，